WI: Matzen and Schoonebeek Oil Fields discovered, 1938-1940

stevep

Well-known member
That is what I remember as well. @History Learner could you perhaps quote the section you're referencing?

I see he has replied below and will respond there on that.

Tooze is an economist and is woefully out of his depth commenting on military operations and gets quite a few things incorrect when he delves into those subjects. Despite the Germans supposedly being overstretched they managed in October after a grueling campaign to inflict 1 million casualties on the Soviets for about 50,000 casualties in two weeks at Vyazma-Bryansk. That is per David Glantz and a Russian historian who's father died in that battle:
Cannot recommend that book more highly. We're extremely fortunate these days that so many high quality Russian language histories are being translated and made very inexpensively available via ebook.

Very interesting thanks. Agree that Tooze makes a number of mistakes, as I'm seeing from his book "The Deluge" which I'm reading now with a number of errors on basic history, like having Bulgaria join the central powers in 1914 rather than late 1915. Must try and get a Glantz book as I've often seen him mentioned and he seems to be the current 'go to' expert on the eastern front. Albeit that when I've seen him quoted on TV the argument seems to be different to what I sometimes see in online discussions. Tooze is an economic expert and I do take a good amount of interest in his views on those issues in WWII as he does make some good arguments there. - Have added the Loukhivskii book to my list.

So despite the battle plan calling for the decisive battle near the border the greatest victory of the Germans in Barbarossa actually came east of Smolensk on the road to Moscow after months of extremely heavy fighting. So logistics wasn't the issue it is made up to be by ignorant or unscrupulous 'historians'. Also I do question view that the German planners that the war would be over after the border battle, since they anticipated heavy casualties through the rest of 1941 and actually had enough replacements allocated to nearly replace every man historically lost in the campaign. The unanticipated part was the casualties during the winter and extension of the war at a high level into 1942, but somehow the winter campaign of 1941-42 was actually the period where casualties were the most lopsided in favor of the Germans.

That differs a bit more in terms of the Germans being able to make up losses from what I've seen elsewhere? In terms of the very heavy Soviet losses during the winter would that possibly be because of the overstretch due to Stalin's counter attacks being spread too widely?


That is true. If anything the bigger gain would have been to improve the planning for the rail system and include the Reichsbahn leadership in restructuring the rail system since they were the ones with knowledge of the Soviet rail system, not so much the German army, which largely hadn't dealt with it since 1918.

Very true I suspect. However Hitler seemed to be fixated on motorised transport and roads, but without the resources and commitment to massively develop things.


I'm guessing probably not, since the additional trucks would likely replace the civilian models from France and Belgium with more robust military models, which apparently held up much better to the road conditions of the campaign.

That would be more logical and would probably reduce the amount of loss/damage but replacing rather than supplementing the looted stock would not greatly increase the overall supply as HL is desiring.

Steve
 

stevep

Well-known member
Wages of Destruction, Pages 412, by Adam Tooze:

In late May 1941, General Adolf von Schell, the man responsible for the motor vehicle industry, seriously suggested that in light of the chronic shortage of oil it would be advisable to carry out a partial 'demotorization' of the Wehrmacht.68 It is commonly remarked that the Luftwaffe suffered later in the war because of the inadequate training of its pilots, due in large part to the shortage of air fuel.69 But in 1941 the petrol shortage was already so severe that the Wehrmacht was licensing its soldiers to drive heavy trucks with less than 15 kilometres of on-road experience, a measure which was blamed for the appalling attrition of motor vehicles during the Russian campaign.70 Shortages made themselves felt across the German economy. So tight were fuel rations that in November 1941 Opel was forced to shut down production at its Brandenburg plant, Germany's largest truck factory, because it lacked the petrol necessary to check the fuel pumps of vehicles coming off the assembly line. A special allocation of 104 cubic metres of fuel had to be arranged by the Wehrmacht's economic office so as to ensure that there were no further interruptions.71​

Very much the case, as cited above; the only hindrance was fuel, as noted.

So your saying that producing thousands more trucks would consume no cash, industrial manpower, engines, steel, rubber or other materials?? The petrol shortage was a factor that caused the Germans to consider reducing their level of motorisation but it doesn't mean other constrains don't exist. Germany was always operating on close margins, a point you continue to ignore. Especially ironic in terms of quoting Tooze as that's one of the core arguments of his book.


They would've taken it off the march-i.e. undefended-in late July/early August if Hitler had not diverted 4th Panzer Army to Rostov.

That is your assumption. Possibly correct but possibly note. Your putting another army on the same line of advance, putting further strain on the limited road system and its a lot further away than Rostov. It also leaves Rostov and adjacent areas unoccupied so the forces there would need to be neutralised and the area occupied later.

Baku is likely the target for the 1943 campaign season, I agree, but good thing the Germans will have markedly better logistics. Army Group A would be under no threat because the Soviet operations you refer to resulted in the encirclement of Army Group B, thus removing AG-A's flank protection.

In which case there is further time for the western powers to deny it - or its ruins - to the Germans. ;)

No, there are no resources, industrial, natural or manpower wise from which resistance can be maintained, as I have cited to you many times previously. Case in point, see the manpower situation:

IV. Remaining unused resources:​
a) reserved for employment in the civil economy - 2 781 000​
b) in labor columns - 1 321 000​
c) recruits born in 1925 - 700 000​
d) non-conscripted men fully fit for service in the Central Asian Military District - 600 000
e) non-conscripted men with limited fitness or in the age above 45 (without Far-East and Transcaucasus) - 500 000 (of them 277 000 in the Central Asia)
f) non-conscripted men in the Far East, Trasnbaikal and Transcaucasus Fronts 505 000 (including 200 000 with limited fitness and 200 000 in age above 45).
g) officers of reserve, not conscripted yet - 156 000​
h) expected convalescents from hospitals in 3 nearest months - 350 000​
i) in the penitentiary system - 1 156 000 men in age from 17 to 45.​

The loss of the Ukraine and other occupied areas had already engendered shortages of coal (The Donbass was home to roughly 60% of Soviet output by itself), aluminum (Main Soviet facility was along the Dnieper, about 60-80% of production), iron ore (60% of production), steel (50% of production), electric power (30% of output), manganese ore (30% of production), and nickel (30% of production). Overall output of the machinery and metal goods sector had fallen by 40%. In addition, the USSR was also unable to meet the demand for copper, tin, zinc, lead, aluminum, and nickel with remaining sources; Lend Lease was sufficient to meet all of these demands except for aluminum and nickel. Antimony, tungsten, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, tin, and magnesium were also almost entirely lacking.

So there is zero population, industrial or agricultural resources etc east of the A-A line. I repeat, the Soviets would be vastly weakened but they would still be a potential threat. Especially since in this scenario while the Germans are driving south in 42 they still have to deal with Moscow and the bulk of the Volga area. Or are you now assuming that this has all fallen in 41?

Unfortunately for the Soviets, the A-A Line means they have lost roughly 50% of their Lend Lease supplies as well as 90% of their oil, roughly 90% of their coal, and virtually all of their domestic sources of aluminum and nickel. @sillygoose has already touched on the food situation, and I have cited it to you in the past, but I will be happy to post it again from Hunger and War:

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Yes OTL L-L is supplying a lot of people and there would be great suffering and death. However it doesn't cease to exist, neither does agricultural resources elsewhere. Plus once Germany advances to the A-A line as your proposing it has far, far less people to support. The Germans planned to starve tens of millions in the Russian heartland but once their in control of that areas feeding them is not an issue for L-L.


It was entirely an Army Group solely on paper, with no real combat forces attached to it. See the British concern for the defense of Turkey in 1942:

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Interesting that the primary concern here was an attack through Turkey as from what I recall the concern was the collapse of the Soviet union allowing limited threat via the Caucasus region.

If you are assuming the U.S. sends what it has available, that means no TORCH or operations against Italy. Very likely then Rommel can overrun the Suez in 1943.

Two errors here. I specifically said that the allies don't waste considerable resources building up a huge US army in Britain, which did very little for two years other than training for when they eventually went into action. Some of this sent to the ME could boost the position defending there without affecting the Torch Operation at all.

Given what happened historically there is bugger all chance of Rommel reaching Suez. The El Alemen position is too strong and his logistics are too weak, even if somehow the Axis take Malta.

Which it did handily IOTL with the portions it did overrun and had established a railway network built specifically for this purpose. Did you know the German Army in the East was fed off local resources and Ukrainian ores were used to help double munitions productions in 1942 and were set to provide for a massive increase in 1943 until the RAF conducted the Ruhr Campaign?

Its fairly easy to loot rich farmlands but the northern areas with much less food production. That is part of the reason why the Germans designed the Hunger Plan, because they couldn't feed the Russian heartland without using up the surplus from the Ukraine which they wanted for themselves. Going to be a lot more difficult getting that much food from the north.

Yes Germany got some resources out of the occupied lands, and had occupied a fair number of the richest ore regions already, at least those west of the A-A line. They did manage to use this to get dramatic increases in some areas of production in 42/43. The British bombing camapign against the Rhur didn't affect that at all. What it did was reduce coal and steel production so if it still occurs - or as Tooze suggested continued - no amount of specialised ores from the east would help significantly.

Not possible, politically or military. The Imperial Japanese Navy remains undefeated and in 1944 was capable of very serious fleet action; reducing the Pacific to secondary status is just not possible without making it so that peace would eventually have to be made with the Japanese on favorable terms to them. By 1944-1945 the Anglo-Americans have exhausted their manpower and political willingness to fight the war, while Japan remains in control of the Pacific; you can't expect their publics to accept literally millions of additional casualties in Europe and then go on to fight until 1948-or later-to defeat the Japanese:

In one way or another, George C. Marshall, the U.S. Army's Chief of Staff, had long been expecting a sharp reduction in military morale. He had witnessed, as aide-decamp to General John J. Pershing, America's mood after World War I. Once Germany asked for an armistice (and before it signed a surrender), Congress and the public had demanded a swift demobilization. This indelible memory of November 1918 shaped Marshall's resolve to minimize military responsibilities after the Nazi capitulation. In Europe, this meant an end to operations in the eastern Mediterranean, where internal political conflicts and instabilities might require a large and long-term occupation by an army about to be drastically reduced in size. In the Pacific, the Japanese would have to be beaten into a position where their surrender would occur shortly after V-E Day. Otherwise, there might not be a capitulation at all, something Marshall predicted in 1943: "the collapse of Germany would impose partial demobilization and a growing impatience ... throughout the United States." This mood could lead to a compromise settlement along the lines the Japanese Army was hoping to obtain: that is, the retention of the core empire it still occupied (Formosa, Manchuria, and Korea) and no change in the political institutions of Japan.2​
America's military timing was exceptionally good, considering the enormous perplexities of the war. When Germany surrendered in May, the United States had already made what Marshall called the "preparation for the final kill." Its armed forces surrounded the home islands of Japan from the south and the east. It had also obtained from Russia a pledge to attack the Japanese Imperial Army in Manchuria, thereby completing the ironclad blockade that the U.S. Navy once planned to execute alone. However, the denial of imports of strategic items, from oil to coal and protein, did not mean that a mere mop-up operation was in the works, Most of the U.S. military, especially the Army, conducted planning on the premise "that defeat of the enemy's armed forces in the Japanese homeland is a prerequisite to unconditional surrender." Even before Japan strongly reinforced Kyushu, the first home island the United States would invade, the American military calculated that America would still have to conduct the toughest landings and follow-up battles seen in World War II --- actions that would likely result in some 200,000 casualties and 50,000 fatalities.3 Admiral William D. Leahy, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, an advocate of the blockade strategy, would later complain that "the Army did not appear to be able to understand that the Navy, with some Army air assistance, already had defeated Japan."​
The flaw in Leahy's argument was that the Japanese Imperial Army refused to accept the fact that it had lost the war, at least by the standard of unconditional surrender. That demand was completely unacceptable to an institution that ordered wounded soldiers to commit suicide rather than become prisoners of war.4 Leahy admitted however, that there was "little prospect of obtaining unconditional surrender" in 1945, Admiral Ernest J. King, Chief of Naval Operations, would write that the Navy "in the course of time would have starved the Japanese into submission" (Italics mine). Time, however, was a waning asset, especially to Marshall, who would later say that American "political and economic institutions melted out from under us [the U.S. military]". The Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion told the JCS what magazines and newspapers had been printing since late 1944: there was overwhelming public pressure to increase production of consumer goods. I am "afraid of unrest in the country," said Director Fred Vinson. I have never seen "the people in their present frame of mind." Aside from reports about the "national end-of-the-war psychology among [the] citizens" of the United States, the JCS heard from its own military intelligence community. Their best estimate was that total victory through encirclement, blockade, and bombardment might well take "a great many years."5​

By 45 Britain had largely exhausted its manpower reserves yes. The US still had vast resources available if they were willing to use them. The 1918 situation is irrelevant as Germany isn't offering to surrender, which was what 1918 basically way and is still undefeated and aggressive. I have read there was a significant drop in morale in the US Army in Europe after the surrender of Germany so there is an issue here if that happened but that's a long way yet. [More likely in TTL things will be resolved by the nuclear option but that won't be known by people at this point]. Biden himself has recently pointed out that the death toll in the US exceeds that from both world wars plus I think at least one other conflict so yes the US had potential for a long more military activity if it so decides.

Since the alternative to not fighting on is leaving much of the globe and its resources under the control of two insanely militaristic and expansionist dictatorships that have made clear their hostility towards the US to gather up resources for another war in the future how many people in the US would be rash enough to insist on peace at any terms?

It may not have been clear to most at the time but Japan was largely spent as an offensive force at this point. Relatively limited actions could have tightened the grip as OTL and forced the collapse of its empire. If nothing else continued supplies to China, rather than trying to establish a logistically very demanding USAAF bomber force in the country would have continued to wear it down as would a commerce war on its limited merchant shipping. As I said huge saving could be made by only attacking on one line, either in SE Asia or the central Pacific, rather than allowing the army and navy to have their owm separate operations. It wouldn't be any quicker than OTL and may take a bit longer but its possible with far less forces.


The Germans themselves, the Americans Post-War in their military assessments and modern day historians heartily disagree with that claim. As for the B-29, absolutely not and any basic math shows that; rather, it was the Army Air Force and U.S. Navy as a whole that prevented a larger Army because of their manpower requirements. Here you go:

3,970 B-29s built x Crew of 11 = 43,670 personnel

To put this into perspective, that's about four divisions lol.

You must know how stupid that statement is. Even ignoring for replacements there are issues of ground crew and other support staff that would be vastly higher. Not to mention the even more important one of the huge industrial effort to develop and manufacture teh B-29's.

Nope, they rejected it because of logistics and the fact they could never defeat the Germans there, in their own words. See Mark Stoler's Allies and Adversaries, Pages 110-111:

The problems with this strategy, according to the jssc, were both military and political. Eastern Mediterranean operations would require previously committed U.S. naval support, Turkish belligerency the jssc rated an overall liability rather than an asset, and offensives at the end of long and tenuous supply lines in an area so mountainous and remote from the center of German power as to be indecisive and invite stalemate or defeat. Moreover, such operations were based on the assumption that indirect campaigns in the Mediterranean against Germany’s satellites, combined with blockade, bombing, and guerrilla operations, could force a German collapse. Dubious under the best of circumstances, this assumption ignored the fact that an approach relegating to the Soviet Union the brutal task of fighting the bulk of the Wehrmacht while London reaped political benefits in the eastern Mediterranean and Balkans, an area of historic Anglo-Russian rivalry, might so arouse Russia’s anger and suspicion as to make it ‘‘more susceptible’’ to German peace feelers— especially ones which would grant Moscow its centuries old desire to control the Dardanelles. The resulting separate peace would leave Germany undefeated and dominant in Central and Western Europe and would make Allied victory impossible.31​

Of course the above analysis is no longer relevant. Russia has already been reduce to a 2nd rate power so you can't rely on it to do the majority of the fighting. Therefore you have to either do it yourself, which as you say the US was unwilling to do or rely on "indirect campaigns in the Mediterranean against Germany’s satellites, combined with blockade, bombing, and guerrilla operations, to force a German collapse". Or more to the point to continue waging the war and weakening the enemy until other options are available. As the quote says the southern Balkans especially are remote from the centres of German power so they are logistically difficult to get to. The terrain and many natives deeply hostile to the Axis also makes the sort of German armoured thrusts far less effective.

Given the different circumstances and that as you argue the US was unwilling to take on the German army head to head then peripheral operations are the only option for land warfare.

The idiotic Anglo-phobia shows how ignorant of the circumstances the people making those suggestions were. Britain is clearly spent as a great power able to pose a serious economic challenge to the US post-war and that's well known by now.


Also, you are playing fast and loose with your arguments. You're talking about the Anglo-Americans using their naval might to conduct operations on the periphery but just earlier suggested they reduce their production in this category in favor of more land forces; likewise, you are talking about North Africa being cleared out in early 1943 as per IOTL but just earlier suggested sending the American forces used to do such to Iran. You need to pick a strategy for this debate and stick with it.

Again your playing fast and loose with the facts. I clearly mentioned not wasting a lot of resources in building up a sizeable army sitting around in Britain when a relatively small proportion of that could make a big difference where the fighting could well be. So again there's no impact on Torch. Ditto I'm talking about using naval power more efficiently and the primary difference might be one hugely expensive research project gets cut.


Not really, given the resources available to them. The entire German planning was to defeat the USSR and then use the resources to engage in and win the air war. With unlimited oil comes unlimited pilot training, no Army needs in the East means literally millions of trained production workers and future pilots available, and, finally, all the resources that went into Army production are now free for air production. In 1944, German rivaled Britain in air production and that was with all the resources it had devoted to the land war in the East and West; said ground war in the East, which consumed 150 Divisions, is not there and thus frees up massive resources for use in the Luftwaffe.

Apart from the fact its not unlimited oil as I have pointed out above and as you would know from any book on WWII, possibly most especially Tooze's oil was far from the only limitation on the German war machine. Interesting that your suggesting that the US war economy will stumble with any change to match the new situation but that the German one, with less population, less resources and industry and far inferior leadership will manage to magic up unlimited production of a/c without any restraint. Especially since:
a) Your already admitted the occupied zone in the east will require considerable German forces - and supplies and equipment for them - even without clashes with rump Soviet/Russia forces in the Urals and further east or fighting allied forces in area such as the Caucasus Mts. Remembering we're talking about Hitler and the Nazis here so both of those are likely.

b) An equal comparison would be that Britain, a small island under partial blockade and from 1944 also under renewed bombardment, with markedly less population and industrial base than greater Germany managed to pretty much match the latter in a/c production. Especially remembering that the British were expanding huge resources on stratgic bombers, which takes a lot more than fighters and that its designs were markedly superior than those being produced in Germany.

Despite what you may think, the Bf-109G was basically comparable to Allied models, and for the cost of one B-17 you could produce about four of them. Four fighters and four pilots for the same cost as one bomber that uses 10 air crew; very bad math for the Allies. There's also nothing to prevent the Germans from massively switching to other, more effective aircraft and weapons; the Wasserfall AAM/SAM as well as the Me-262 for example. Given German sortie rates and casualty infliction rates of OTL with the Me-262, even with just a tripling or so of their OTL air fleet of the aforementioned Jet would result in American bomber losses almost equal to their entire annual production in 1944!

Again I'm quoting from Tooze, see pages 582-584, where he talks about the outdated German designs and the burdens that placed on the Luftwaffe. Especially the comment from a US ace about the extreme vulnerability of the 109G. Germany boosted numbers by failing to upgrade quality. As he mentions in the preceding pages developing newer designs would have been a slow and costly process and if 2-3 years down the line would then cause a disruption to production while all those assembly lines had to retool. It might help if Germany was still fighting in 46-47 but isn't going to produce better a/c in substantial numbers in the shorter term.

I also notice your raising the old chimera of massively increasing Me 262 production. Those required large quantities of specials materials the Germans don't have access to. Plus even then the a/c was distinctly unstable and its weight and landing speed meant it really needed specialised concrete runways rather than grass tracks and even then tended to suffer damage due to inferior artificial rubber and its stats meaning a lot of punchers.
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
Very interesting thanks. Agree that Tooze makes a number of mistakes, as I'm seeing from his book "The Deluge" which I'm reading now with a number of errors on basic history, like having Bulgaria join the central powers in 1914 rather than late 1915. Must try and get a Glantz book as I've often seen him mentioned and he seems to be the current 'go to' expert on the eastern front. Albeit that when I've seen him quoted on TV the argument seems to be different to what I sometimes see in online discussions. Tooze is an economic expert and I do take a good amount of interest in his views on those issues in WWII as he does make some good arguments there. - Have added the Loukhivskii book to my list.
Overall Tooze isn't bad, just don't take him as gospel; unfortunately like Glantz people have a tendency to accept anything their chosen 'expert' says without critical thinking because perhaps it fits their biases.
Glantz is a prime example; his heyday is somewhat over since there are now others that fill his niche, but he still has done excellent work bringing Soviet archival material to english speaking audiences. That said he gets a lot wrong about the German side of the hill and his interpretations of a lot of stuff is flawed due to his rather unabashed Soviet/Russian-philia. Given that he was a US army intel specialist in Soviet military theory and practices it is unsurprising and he is the go-to expert on their doctrine and theory in english; it is rather admittedly a fascinating topic, so it is no surprise he'd be rather dazzled by all the work they did, but that tends to lead to him thinking they lived up to their theory in practice. His 1980s stuff was more balanced and measured it seems and only gets out of hand when he started trying to sell books after retiring from the army.

Best thing is to have a diverse diet of authors and subjects to balance things out IMHO. Hope you like the Loukhivskii book.

That differs a bit more in terms of the Germans being able to make up losses from what I've seen elsewhere? In terms of the very heavy Soviet losses during the winter would that possibly be because of the overstretch due to Stalin's counter attacks being spread too widely?
Most histories get that blatantly wrong and made up stuff like that gets repeated in histories as most historians don't actually do their own research they just cite other authors' works. I've noticed that problem quite a bit in WW2 histories where a lot of incorrect stuff was put out early on and simply became 'canon' despite modern archival research, something much easier to do now that the Soviet and East German archives have opened and revealed not just Soviet material, but a bunch of captured German records that were thought lost. That and the West German and British+US captured German documents are getting better organized all the time, so more is being discovered even today. In fact there was a major discovery of Kursk documents recently that upend a lot of what was commonly thought about the battle, specifically Prokharovka. I mean just that battle alone has completely changed in historical conception due to propaganda myths being debunked by archival work.

So after that long winded segment specifically in terms of German 1941 replacements a couple of excellent histories have come out in the last 10 years that use actual German records to show what their replacements really were and render hundreds if not thousands of books on Barbarossa irrelevant. "Enduring the Whirlwind" by Liedtke and "Operation Barbarossa" by Nigel Askey cite the actual documents and show nearly all losses (85-90% on average) were made good until about November-December and German pre-planning loss predictions were almost spot on until December. Shockingly so in fact.

As to the Soviet heavy losses in the winter campaign were the result of many things, though yes the dispersed nature of it didn't help. Soviet forces were badly trained and not well equipped, they suffered more heavily from the winter than the Germans (shown in the higher death to wounded ratio than normal), and German lines were very strong; if anything the Soviet success in December that basically collapsed in January was more due to a German morale breakdown than anything the Soviets were able to pull off militarily. Well that and having to travel further from their jump off lines to chase the Germans and thus expose themselves more to the elements; even the best winter gear still has its limits in the Russian winter if you're outside all day and night without shelter.

Very true I suspect. However Hitler seemed to be fixated on motorised transport and roads, but without the resources and commitment to massively develop things.
That's a very complex topic that I could write a book about. Yes and no.

That would be more logical and would probably reduce the amount of loss/damage but replacing rather than supplementing the looted stock would not greatly increase the overall supply as HL is desiring.
Yes and no. Rail is a bigger bang for the buck and takes pressure off of the existing truck park, but better trucks do make a difference; you're right though road capacity is a limiting factor even putting aside things like tire availability.
 
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stevep

Well-known member
Sillygoose

Thanks for the response. I will warn again its will be some time before I read any of those books as I spent far too much time on the computer nowadays, both in AH sites like this or feeding my gaming bug. Don't have the will-power or interest - or for that matter the eyesight 😢 - I had in my youth when I used to devour books at quite a rate.

What would you recommend for a good book from Glantz, especially on the eastern front or any part of WWII in general please?

Thanks

Steve
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
Again I'm quoting from Tooze, see pages 582-584, where he talks about the outdated German designs and the burdens that placed on the Luftwaffe. Especially the comment from a US ace about the extreme vulnerability of the 109G. Germany boosted numbers by failing to upgrade quality. As he mentions in the preceding pages developing newer designs would have been a slow and costly process and if 2-3 years down the line would then cause a disruption to production while all those assembly lines had to retool. It might help if Germany was still fighting in 46-47 but isn't going to produce better a/c in substantial numbers in the shorter term.
Again don't trust Tooze on that. The G-series came in a variety of marks and some were better than others; sabotage was an issue as well, so was increasingly undertrained pilots and lower quality spare parts and lubricants. The K-series, which was a standardized version of the G (since there were so many sub-variants) with a more powerful engine and a bit of an aero-dynamic cleanup was fine and apparently every bit as good as or better than the late model P-51s (which were overrated and as overall effective as they were was simply due to extreme range and numbers as well as pilot training and the loss of experienced enemy pilots by the time they were introduced).

Eric Brown, the RAF's premier test pilot, rated the Me109 in all versions as a quality airplane that largely kept up with the competition throughout the war in terms of performance and handling.

The major reason the Me109 soldiered on was the failure of replacement designs to be worth the switch over, like the Me209 and 309. The Fw190 was still introduced without issue and the FW190D the same design being a major overhaul; it was extremely good and the Ta-152, a further upgrade of that design, would have been even better and more than a match for the planned P-51H, which was an even more improved P-51. Then there was the issue of the Me262 rendering most piston fighters outdated, so why focus on replacing the Me109 with a new piston engine model when the 262 would ultimately replace the 109?

The big mistake was not making the Fw190C when they could have, same with the DB603 engine, which was started in 1936 and could have been made available years earlier if not cancelled for a couple of years before the war since the Luftwaffe only had so much development money to spend. Then the war hit and funding limits ended, so it got developed eventually.

The big aircraft mistakes were the issues with the He177, the Me210 fiasco, and arguable not making the Jumo 004A and just tolerating the material cost until the B series could be perfected since a service Me262 a year earlier would have been extraordinarily helpful.

I also notice your raising the old chimera of massively increasing Me 262 production. Those required large quantities of specials materials the Germans don't have access to. Plus even then the a/c was distinctly unstable and its weight and landing speed meant it really needed specialised concrete runways rather than grass tracks and even then tended to suffer damage due to inferior artificial rubber and its stats meaning a lot of punchers.
What special materials? Jumo engine production was designed to require only a minimum and they were planning on producing 100k engines in 1946 since they were much easier and cheaper to make than a piston aero-engine. Plus they were improving in production quality and design without requiring significantly more material. The Me262 was also fantastic as a design, post-war it was evaluated by the RAF and their chief test pilot rated it as the best fighter in the world at the time, it just needed better engines (which were on the way). The a/c was not unstable at all. The runway issue was the same for any jet aircraft, including all the Allied ones, even piston engine ones if they had tricycle landing gear.
I'm not sure about the artificial rubber issue; I've seen that repeated, but have never seen an original source supporting that; if you've got one I'd love to see it. I think if anything training and fatigue issues as well as perhaps sabotage was more than cause. After all even the US which had the best trained basic pilots in the world (entered service with 400 hours on average, about double that of the nearest highest trained foreign pilots, those of the RAF) and still lost 50,000 dead in training just in 1944! (including sadly my grandmother's brother).
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
Sillygoose

Thanks for the response. I will warn again its will be some time before I read any of those books as I spent far too much time on the computer nowadays, both in AH sites like this or feeding my gaming bug. Don't have the will-power or interest - or for that matter the eyesight 😢 - I had in my youth when I used to devour books at quite a rate.

What would you recommend for a good book from Glantz, especially on the eastern front or any part of WWII in general please?

Thanks

Steve
The general one I'd say is worth it is "When Titans Clashed".

It isn't perfect, but it is a good introduction to his work. Just make sure to get the latest edition.

As to the timeframe of reading don't worry about it, if you end up reading even a single of my recommendations at some point I'd be happy since it seems like most people don't even bother. I understand totally about too much screen time as it is and not having the same motivation, especially when it competes with work and gaming.

BTW fair warning I do have some critiques of your response to HL that I will get to in parts.
 

stevep

Well-known member
The general one I'd say is worth it is "When Titans Clashed".

It isn't perfect, but it is a good introduction to his work. Just make sure to get the latest edition.

As to the timeframe of reading don't worry about it, if you end up reading even a single of my recommendations at some point I'd be happy since it seems like most people don't even bother. I understand totally about too much screen time as it is and not having the same motivation, especially when it competes with work and gaming.

BTW fair warning I do have some critiques of your response to HL that I will get to in parts.


OK thanks. Be interesting to see what you say on the reply to HL.
 

stevep

Well-known member
Again don't trust Tooze on that. The G-series came in a variety of marks and some were better than others; sabotage was an issue as well, so was increasingly undertrained pilots and lower quality spare parts and lubricants. The K-series, which was a standardized version of the G (since there were so many sub-variants) with a more powerful engine and a bit of an aero-dynamic cleanup was fine and apparently every bit as good as or better than the late model P-51s (which were overrated and as overall effective as they were was simply due to extreme range and numbers as well as pilot training and the loss of experienced enemy pilots by the time they were introduced).

Eric Brown, the RAF's premier test pilot, rated the Me109 in all versions as a quality airplane that largely kept up with the competition throughout the war in terms of performance and handling.

The major reason the Me109 soldiered on was the failure of replacement designs to be worth the switch over, like the Me209 and 309. The Fw190 was still introduced without issue and the FW190D the same design being a major overhaul; it was extremely good and the Ta-152, a further upgrade of that design, would have been even better and more than a match for the planned P-51H, which was an even more improved P-51. Then there was the issue of the Me262 rendering most piston fighters outdated, so why focus on replacing the Me109 with a new piston engine model when the 262 would ultimately replace the 109?

The big mistake was not making the Fw190C when they could have, same with the DB603 engine, which was started in 1936 and could have been made available years earlier if not cancelled for a couple of years before the war since the Luftwaffe only had so much development money to spend. Then the war hit and funding limits ended, so it got developed eventually.

The big aircraft mistakes were the issues with the He177, the Me210 fiasco, and arguable not making the Jumo 004A and just tolerating the material cost until the B series could be perfected since a service Me262 a year earlier would have been extraordinarily helpful.


What special materials? Jumo engine production was designed to require only a minimum and they were planning on producing 100k engines in 1946 since they were much easier and cheaper to make than a piston aero-engine. Plus they were improving in production quality and design without requiring significantly more material. The Me262 was also fantastic as a design, post-war it was evaluated by the RAF and their chief test pilot rated it as the best fighter in the world at the time, it just needed better engines (which were on the way). The a/c was not unstable at all. The runway issue was the same for any jet aircraft, including all the Allied ones, even piston engine ones if they had tricycle landing gear.
I'm not sure about the artificial rubber issue; I've seen that repeated, but have never seen an original source supporting that; if you've got one I'd love to see it. I think if anything training and fatigue issues as well as perhaps sabotage was more than cause. After all even the US which had the best trained basic pilots in the world (entered service with 400 hours on average, about double that of the nearest highest trained foreign pilots, those of the RAF) and still lost 50,000 dead in training just in 1944! (including sadly my grandmother's brother).

sillygoose

OK thanks. I know enough about Eric Brown to trust his word very well. I'm still extremely doubtful that even with a conquored east and other issues disappearing Germany could have matched the allies in terms of quantity of a/c. ;)

In terms of the Jumo engine it didn't have any special materials and alloys because Germany couldn't get them. As such it had a very short engine life because without those alloys it couldn't handle the extreme temperatures that well.

Steve
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
sillygoose

OK thanks. I know enough about Eric Brown to trust his word very well. I'm still extremely doubtful that even with a conquored east and other issues disappearing Germany could have matched the allies in terms of quantity of a/c. ;)

In terms of the Jumo engine it didn't have any special materials and alloys because Germany couldn't get them. As such it had a very short engine life because without those alloys it couldn't handle the extreme temperatures that well.

Steve
In terms of quantity yes, but then as the defender you dont need superior numbers. See BoB and Channel battles 1941-42.

As to the engines that is more complicated since the germans invented hollow blades and air cooling. The big issue was pilots accelerating to fast and flaming out engines which cut engine life to less than half its rated life of 50 hours. A restrictor fixed that later on. An upgraded version upped that to 100 hours by March 1945. They were so cheap though they were disposable and easily swapped out by design.

Edit:
also if the Jumo 004A was produced in limited numbers to tide over the experimental units until the 004B was ready then production could have started in 1942 and since it used certain strategic materials its life span was quite a bit higher than the 004B.
 
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sillygoose

Well-known member
By 45 Britain had largely exhausted its manpower reserves yes. The US still had vast resources available if they were willing to use them. The 1918 situation is irrelevant as Germany isn't offering to surrender, which was what 1918 basically way and is still undefeated and aggressive. I have read there was a significant drop in morale in the US Army in Europe after the surrender of Germany so there is an issue here if that happened but that's a long way yet. [More likely in TTL things will be resolved by the nuclear option but that won't be known by people at this point]. Biden himself has recently pointed out that the death toll in the US exceeds that from both world wars plus I think at least one other conflict so yes the US had potential for a long more military activity if it so decides.
The US actually did not. It had maxed out a lot of its resources since its main contribution was production and was in fact also running out of infantry replacements, hence the use of black soldiers as infantry in integrated units after combing them out of other specialties (yes that started in WW2 and in fact was the major example that led to the 1948 integration).

Michael Beschloss's The Conquerors actually covers this a bit in the section about the Battle of the Bulge wherein George Marshall effectively said if we lose one or more armies then they would have to mobilize millions of men from industry, take a production hit, cut deep into civilian production, and see how the civilians reacted. Given all the increasing labor strikes, grumbling of civilians and demands for more civilian production, as well as major fears of riots if things didn't ease up soon at home then having to mobilize more men and cutting civilian production more would have only resulted in the US public forcing the government to negotiate. Especially since the public mood was very much that the Germans weren't the main enemy, Japan was (the opposite of what Roosevelt thought).
So while technically true that the US could have mobilized more, politically there was no will for that against Germany.

The 90 division gamble was forced on the US due to actual resource constraints, since they opted for a massive navy, air force, and to supply the efforts of the Soviets, Chinese, and British among others; the public would only tolerate so much for the war in Europe, though they'd likely have been more willing to continue fighting Japan since Japan actually bombed US soil in a sneak attack. Of course though fighting Japan was MUCH less costly than fighting Germany in terms of casualties and even expense.

Since the alternative to not fighting on is leaving much of the globe and its resources under the control of two insanely militaristic and expansionist dictatorships that have made clear their hostility towards the US to gather up resources for another war in the future how many people in the US would be rash enough to insist on peace at any terms?
In the US there was a huge part of the public which was ready to negotiate even at the end of the war. After the Bulge was won nearly 40% of the US public said it would negotiate with the German army. Pre D-day IIRC it was even higher. There is a book I just found about US opinion polling related to the war with Germany that is excellent and covers the entire war and nuances of both polling and public perception of the war as well as FDR's management of said opinion (and how he really did not give a F about what the public wanted if he could get away with it).

Japan the public wouldn't accept peace with, but FDR would have been willing to it turns out, but Germany a huge part of the public would and the US government demonstrated it could engineer a shift in enough of the remainder to form a majority if they did chose to end the war, but despite their best propaganda efforts 40% were still willing to negotiate to end the war with Germany in January 1945!

Apart from the fact its not unlimited oil as I have pointed out above and as you would know from any book on WWII, possibly most especially Tooze's oil was far from the only limitation on the German war machine. Interesting that your suggesting that the US war economy will stumble with any change to match the new situation but that the German one, with less population, less resources and industry and far inferior leadership will manage to magic up unlimited production of a/c without any restraint.

Thing is having natural oil and not needing nearly as much synthetic saves a vast amount of resources that could be used for something else.
However successful synthetic oil may have been at granting Germany some degree of petroleum independence, the technology did not come cheap. Capital and construction costs for the average F-T plant were on average RM 30 million ($75 million)∴. Production costs for synthetic oil and refined fuel products were also exponentially higher than that for natural crude. The average manufacturing cost for a barrel of synthetic oil was between RM 32-45 ($13-18) and processed fuel values averaged 23-26 pfennig per kg (approximately 31-44 cents per gallon).28 In comparison, a barrel of crude oil traded for 93 cents on the U.S. commodities exchange in December 1939 and in the same month a gallon of regular gasoline sold for 13.4 cents at the average New York City service station.29

As to how many such plants they had:
Whether a by-product of this enthusiasm, or a result of Hitler’s demand for a petroleum independent Germany in his Four Year Plan, between 1934-1935 four additional I.G. Farben plants were constructed at Böhlen, Magdeburg, Schwarzheide and Zeitz.26 By this time, other German chemical companies such as Ruhrchemie and Friedrich Krupp AG began liquid fuel production operations and by the end of 1945 twelve coal hydrogenation plants and nine F-T plants had been constructed. 27

Early funding for synthetic development was primarily derived from capital investment by the companies themselves or from private investors and banks. However, by 1939 the costs of production grew untenable for private industry and the German government began absorbing more and more of the cost. A report in March 1939 stated that of the RM 132 million ($328.6 million) already spent on synthetic fuel that year, the government contributed an estimated RM 70 million ($174.3 million) in the form of manufacturing equipment purchases.30 The high cost of production did little to hamper Germany’s continued investment and reliance on the synthetic petroleum industry. By the eve of war in 1939, annual German synthetic production had grown to 16.7 million barrels.31 During its highest year of production in 1943, Germany produced 42 million barrels of synthetic petroleum; far exceeding the 34 million barrels of crude oil domestically produced or imported during the same period.32

Germany on the defensive doesn't need nearly as many a/c as the Allies especially thanks to FLAK and other technologies that favor the defense. Again see the BoB and Channel air battles of 1941-42:
In 1942 Fighter Command claimed 560 victories against a true loss of 272 German fighters from all causes, for 574 RAF day fighters destroyed.[8]

1941 was even worse. For every bomber lost to single engine fighters it cost the Allies FAR more than the Germans

b) An equal comparison would be that Britain, a small island under partial blockade and from 1944 also under renewed bombardment, with markedly less population and industrial base than greater Germany managed to pretty much match the latter in a/c production. Especially remembering that the British were expanding huge resources on stratgic bombers, which takes a lot more than fighters and that its designs were markedly superior than those being produced in Germany.
Only with US LL resources and the US taking over part of the AAA burden, naval burden, shipping burden, training, etc. Even then part of the 'British' was actually the Empire (see how many colonial pilots served as well as their air forces) and imperial navies and only having a 50 division army. The Germans had over 300 throughout the war.
The He177 was roughly equivalent to the Manchester, the twin engine Lancaster. The He277 was basically the equivalent of the Avro Lincoln.
 
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History Learner

Well-known member
So your saying that producing thousands more trucks would consume no cash, industrial manpower, engines, steel, rubber or other materials?? The petrol shortage was a factor that caused the Germans to consider reducing their level of motorisation but it doesn't mean other constrains don't exist. Germany was always operating on close margins, a point you continue to ignore. Especially ironic in terms of quoting Tooze as that's one of the core arguments of his book.

No I am saying exactly what is cited, in that the only constraint on production in late 1941 was oil; the resources you cite for the Germans were already earmarked for them and if they weren't, Tooze would cite that as a factor in why truck production was halted. Likewise, I welcome you to make a relevant argument on the latter statement.

That is your assumption. Possibly correct but possibly note. Your putting another army on the same line of advance, putting further strain on the limited road system and its a lot further away than Rostov. It also leaves Rostov and adjacent areas unoccupied so the forces there would need to be neutralised and the area occupied later.

No, it's literally the history of the campaign; to be honest, you sound very uninformed on Case Blau. Up until late July, 4th Panzer Army was attached to Army Group B so there is no extra forces on their supply lines but even if there was, we've already established much higher logistical amounts for the Germans going into the campaign. Specifically as it concerns Rostov, again, you need to read up on the campaign because that was already being handled by Army Group A as part of its movement into the Caucasus. The diversion of 4th Panzer Army did nothing but congest the roads, something noted by the German commanders on the scene who did not ask for it nor request it as reinforcements. It was solely an action of Hitler.

On the Soviet end, in late July about the only Soviet forces in Stalingrad itself were a handful of AA troops, with 62nd and 64th Armies that would later defend it not present at all and Stalingrad Front having yet to form; if you feel the City is defended or can be, please name the forces available and where they are at.

In which case there is further time for the western powers to deny it - or its ruins - to the Germans. ;)

Probably, but as already pointed out, Maikop, Grozny, the fields listed in the OP and Romania are more than enough to meet German needs, present and future.

So there is zero population, industrial or agricultural resources etc east of the A-A line. I repeat, the Soviets would be vastly weakened but they would still be a potential threat. Especially since in this scenario while the Germans are driving south in 42 they still have to deal with Moscow and the bulk of the Volga area. Or are you now assuming that this has all fallen in 41?

You can repeat it, but you have yet to demonstrate it, which is how a debate works. If you feel the Soviets can still be a threat with no food, energy for their factories or inputs for their factories, please explain how they can fight with no weapons or soldiers? Moving beyond that, with what soldiers are they to fight the Germans with? As for the Moscow-Gorky axis, I am assuming that is in 1943 or 1944. How exactly can the Soviets defend it with no soldiers, equipment or oil to man their equipment?

Yes OTL L-L is supplying a lot of people and there would be great suffering and death. However it doesn't cease to exist, neither does agricultural resources elsewhere. Plus once Germany advances to the A-A line as your proposing it has far, far less people to support. The Germans planned to starve tens of millions in the Russian heartland but once their in control of that areas feeding them is not an issue for L-L.

Yes, it does cease to exist and I am asking you to prove otherwise, as I've already cited this to you:

1943: 4,794,545t of which 1,606,979 Persian Gulf, 2,388,577 Soviet Far East, North Russia, 117,946 Soviet Artic.

The A-A Line would see the Persian Gulf and North Russia imports removed, which is 2,288,022 tons or 47% of all Lend Lease imports. Further, Hunger and War directly states that without Lend Lease, the Red Army would've starved; can you cite anything to the contrary of this? Also, what agricultural resources are you referring to east of the Line? I think anybody familiar with basic Russian/Soviet geography would know very little grows in arid Central Asia or the permafrost of Siberia. Again, as has already been cited to you before:

By November of 1941, 47% of Soviet cropland was in German hands. The Germans had 38% of the grain farmland, 84% of the sugar land, 38% of the area devoted to beef and dairy cattle, and 60% of the land used to produce hogs. The Russians turned to the east and brought more land into cultivation. In the fall of 1941, the autumn and winter crops increased sharply in the eastern area. But despite all efforts, farm yields dropped from 95.5 million tons of grain in 1940 to 29.7 million tons in 1942. Production of cattle and horses dropped to less than half of prewar levels and hogs to one fifth. By 1942, meat and dairy production shrank to half the 1940 total and sugar to only 5%. Farm production in 1942 and 1943 dropped to 38% and 37% of 1940 totals.​

Interesting that the primary concern here was an attack through Turkey as from what I recall the concern was the collapse of the Soviet union allowing limited threat via the Caucasus region.

The primary concern is that the Axis can attack all throughout the Middle East now with nothing to stop them.

Two errors here. I specifically said that the allies don't waste considerable resources building up a huge US army in Britain, which did very little for two years other than training for when they eventually went into action. Some of this sent to the ME could boost the position defending there without affecting the Torch Operation at all.

Then name those forces and, even better, name where they are getting the naval shipping to do such.

Given what happened historically there is bugger all chance of Rommel reaching Suez. The El Alemen position is too strong and his logistics are too weak, even if somehow the Axis take Malta.

Except this situation is nothing like what happened historically and the 8th Army will have to deal with the Germans in Syria, Iraq and Iran very shortly, which will force the transfer of forces from Egypt to there lest the Germans overrun the entirety of the region. Despite what you assert, the El Alemain position can and nearly was breached in 1942 and definitely can be in this situation, where Rommel has much, much better logistics and a thrust coming into the British rear.

Its fairly easy to loot rich farmlands but the northern areas with much less food production. That is part of the reason why the Germans designed the Hunger Plan, because they couldn't feed the Russian heartland without using up the surplus from the Ukraine which they wanted for themselves. Going to be a lot more difficult getting that much food from the north.

Okay, but that literally doesn't mean anything since they aren't trying to feed the north and getting all the food they need from the South?

Yes Germany got some resources out of the occupied lands, and had occupied a fair number of the richest ore regions already, at least those west of the A-A line. They did manage to use this to get dramatic increases in some areas of production in 42/43. The British bombing camapign against the Rhur didn't affect that at all. What it did was reduce coal and steel production so if it still occurs - or as Tooze suggested continued - no amount of specialised ores from the east would help significantly.

You haven't read Tooze then if you are going to make such an obliviously baseless claim that is directly contradicted by Tooze. I have cited this to you at least three times I can recall, so you have no excuse on this. See Wages of Destruction by Adam Tooze, starting Page 596:

In the spring of 1943, however, the German war economy itself was sucked directly into the fighting. As we have seen, the threat of Anglo-American bombing had bulked large in German strategic thinking at least since 1940. But until early 1943 it proved remarkably easy to counter. The Royal Air Force simply did not have enough heavy bombers to do sustained damage to the German home front, nor did it have the technology necessary to guide them to their targets. The heavy air raids on Luebeck (28/29 March 1942), Rostock (23/24 April 1942) and the 'thousand-bomber raids' on Cologne (30/31 May 1942) and Essen (1 June 1942) gave some indication of what was in store, but they did not develop into a sustained campaign of aerial destruction.26 It was not until March 1943 that RAF Bomber Command had the planes with which to mount a prolonged attack on the heart of German heavy industry, or the technology with which to guide them to their targets.

The 'Battle of the Ruhr' began on 5 March with an attack on the industrial city of Essen, the home of Krupp.27 Between 8.58 p.m. and 9.36 p.m., following the invisible beam of the OBOE electronic guidance system, 362 bombers hit the main target with a combination of incendiaries and high explosives leaving a trail of blazing destruction.28 This time the RAF not only attacked in force but returned repeatedly over a period of five months, dropping a total of 34,000 tons of bombs. The sequence of heavy attacks was relentless and interspersed by daily harassing raids by small forces of light Mosquito bombers. Heavy attacks were delivered against every major node of the Ruhr conurbation: Essen (5 March, 12/13 March, 3/4 April, 30 April, 27 May, 25 July), Duisburg (26/27 March, 8/9 April, 26/27 April, 12/13 May), Bochum (13/14 May, 12 June), Krefeld (21 June), Duesseldorf (25 May, 11 June) and Dortmund (4 May, 23 May), Barmen-Wuppertal (29 May), Muelheim (22 June), Elberfeld-Wuppertal (24 June), Gelsenkirchen (25 June, 9 July), Cologne (16 June, 28 June, 3 July, 8 July). To increase the misery, on 16 May specially adapted bombs destroyed the dams on the Moehne and Eder rivers, inundating the surrounding countryside and cutting off the water supply. The bombers killed thousands of people and did heavy damage to the urban fabric. Above all, however, they struck against the most vital node in the German industrial economy, precisely at the moment that Hitler, Speer and the RVE were hoping to energize armaments production with a fresh surge in steel production.

Reading contemporary sources, there can be no doubt that the Battle of the Ruhr marked a turning point in the history of the German war economy, which has been grossly underestimated by post-war accounts.29 As Speer himself acknowledged, the RAF was hitting the right target.30 The Ruhr was not only Europe's most important producer of coking coal and steel, it was also a crucial source of intermediate components of all kinds. Disrupting production in the Ruhr had the capacity to halt assembly lines across Germany. When the first of the heavy raids struck Krupp in Essen, Speer immediately travelled to the Ruhr with a view to learning general lessons in disaster management.51 He was forced to return in May, June and July to energize the emergency response and to rally the workforce with well-advertised displays of personal bravery.32 The Ruhr was raised from the status of the home front to that of a war zone. Speer established a special emergency staff with absolute authority over the local economy and made plans for the total evacuation of the non-essential population. The remaining workforce was to be organized along para-military lines, uniformed and housed in camp accommodation so that they could be redeployed at a moment's notice to whichever plants were still operational.33

But all Speer could do was to limit the damage. He could not stop the bombers or prevent them from seriously disrupting the German war effort. Following the onset of heavy air raids in the first quarter of 1943, steel production fell by 200,000 tons. Having anticipated an increase in total steel production to more than 2.8 million tons per month and allocated steel accordingly, the Zentrale Planung now faced a shortfall of almost 400,000 tons. All the painstaking effort that had gone into reorganizing the rationing system was negated by the ability of the British to disrupt production more or less at will. In light of the steel shortage, Hitler and Speer had no option but to implement an immediate cut to the ammunition programme.34 After more than doubling in 1942, ammunition production in 1943 increased by only 20 per cent.35 And it was not just ammunition that was hit.

In the summer of 1943, the disruption in the Ruhr manifested itself across the German economy in a so-called 'Zulieferungskrise' (sub-components crisis). All manner of parts, castings and forgings were suddenly in short supply.56 And this affected not only heavy industry directly, but the entire armaments complex.
Most significantly, the shortage of key components brought the rapid increase in Luftwaffe production to an abrupt halt. Between July 1943 and March 1944 there was no further increase in the monthly output of aircraft. For the armaments effort as a whole, the period of stagnation lasted throughout the second half of 1943. As Speer himself acknowledged, Allied bombing had negated all plans for a further increase in production.37 Bomber Command had stopped Speer's armaments miracle in its tracks.

By 45 Britain had largely exhausted its manpower reserves yes. The US still had vast resources available if they were willing to use them. The 1918 situation is irrelevant as Germany isn't offering to surrender, which was what 1918 basically way and is still undefeated and aggressive. I have read there was a significant drop in morale in the US Army in Europe after the surrender of Germany so there is an issue here if that happened but that's a long way yet. [More likely in TTL things will be resolved by the nuclear option but that won't be known by people at this point]. Biden himself has recently pointed out that the death toll in the US exceeds that from both world wars plus I think at least one other conflict so yes the US had potential for a long more military activity if it so decides.

Britain was out of manpower by 1943, and began to have to breakdown existing units to keep their existing ones up to strength. Take in note, this was before even landing on the continent in 1944:

Indeed, in the summer of 1943 it became apparent that Great Britain had reached the limits of mobilisation; during the rest of the year recruitment from the non-industrial population would not be sufficient to offset the normal wastage from industry. Before long the labour force would decline. In any case, supplies of labour in the last nine months of 1943 would be less than had been expected. The demands of the Services and industry for the last nine months of 1943 added up to 912,000 men and women; the prospective supply was 429,000. once more ruthless cuts would have to be imposed. The Service demands could not possibly be met in full; Even without battle casualties, the total occupied population of the United Kingdom would fall by about 150,000 in 1944. The manpower was no longer one of closing a gap between demand and supply by subtracting at the demand end and adding at the supply end. Nothing was left to add. The country was fully mobilised and all that remained was to change the distribution of manpower as the strategy of war demanded.​

Likewise, the Americans had exhausted their own supplies for the most part by 1945 and could not further expand their forces without cutting their own industrial production. Case in point of this crisis:

Late in January the theater estimated that the shortage of infantrymen within the armies alone totaled 82,000, of which nearly 50,000 were in riflemen.105 The outlook for the future was hardly encouraging despite the special efforts now being made. Earlier in the month the War Department had again relented somewhat, revising its capabilities upward to 44,000 men for May and 46,000 in June. To achieve these figures, however, it noted that it would have to call upon the Army Air Forces for an additional 15,000 men. These would consist largely of students in training for air crews and of highly trained technicians, and the Army Air Forces warned that their transfer would seriously affect air operations in the European theater. The War Department preferred not to make these withdrawals. ETOUSA manpower officials insisted on the additional replacements, however, pointing out that the theater's conversion capabilities would begin to diminish after June.​

Since the alternative to not fighting on is leaving much of the globe and its resources under the control of two insanely militaristic and expansionist dictatorships that have made clear their hostility towards the US to gather up resources for another war in the future how many people in the US would be rash enough to insist on peace at any terms?

Everyone, including the Military Political establishment which was more familiar with the strategic balance of power than the man on the street, again, as I have pointed out to you before. See Mark Stoler's Allies and Adversaries: The Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Grand Alliance, and U.S. Strategy in World War II. From Page 72:

Eisenhower and his subordinates were far from alone or original in perceiving the overriding importance of continued Soviet participation in the war. As previously noted, in the summer and fall of 1941 Roosevelt and army planners had begun to recognize that victory over Germany might not be possible unless the Red Army continued to tie down the bulk of the Wehrmacht, and they consequently had made assistance to Russia a focal point of their global strategy. The JB had forcefully reiterated this conclusion by informing Roosevelt on December 21 that ‘‘Russia alone possesses the manpower potentially able to defeat Germany in Europe.’’ 26 The Soviets’ late 1941 success in stopping the German advance on Moscow and launching a counteroffensive, occurring at a time when Axis forces were everywhere else successful, further reinforced this belief. As a result virtually all Allied planning papers in late 1941– early 1942 stressed the critical importance of aiding the Russians so that they could survive a renewed German onslaught. Roosevelt agreed. ‘‘Nothing would be worse than to have the Russians collapse,’’ he told Treasury secretary Henry Morgenthau on March 11. ‘‘I would rather lose New Zealand, Australia, or anything else than have the Russians collapse.’’ Five days earlier the JUSSC had bluntly stated that ‘‘Russia must be supported now by every possible means’’ because the absence of a Russian front would postpone ‘‘indefinitely’’ the end of the war.27 And as army planners realized, such postponement would only increase public and naval pressure to turn away completely from the indecisive European theater in favor of the Pacific.​

Page 80:

Marshall’s reasoning was based not only on Eisenhower’s February–March presentations but also on military and political events since then which had heavily reinforced the OPD’s original conclusions. Once again the focal point was the Soviet Union. ‘‘The retention of Russia in the war as an active participant is vital to Allied victory,’’ now acting chief of staff McNarney had emphasized on April 12; if German armies were allowed to turn west, ‘‘any opportunity for a successful offensive against the European Axis would be virtually eliminated.’’ 56 In mid June the staff again warned that Russian collapse would necessitate a strategic reassessment, ‘‘possibly with the result of directing our main effort to the Pacific rather than the Atlantic.’’ 57​

Page 93:

As early as April–May, OPD, g-2, and the joint committees had begun to explore the appropriate response should this ‘‘desperate situation’’ result in a Soviet collapse, and in early August the JUSSC completed and forwarded to the JPS a massive study of such a contingency. This study indicated that Russian collapse would be a ‘‘catastrophe’’ of such magnitude as to put the United States in a ‘‘desperate’’ situation too, one in which it ‘‘would be forced to consider courses of action which would primarily benefit the United States rather than the United Nations.’’

Indeed, it might be the only remaining major member of the United Nations, because the British Commonwealth might collapse and the British public react to Soviet defeat by overthrowing Churchill and agreeing to a negotiated peace that would leave Hitler in control of Eurasia. A revival of isolationism and an ‘‘increase in defeatism’’ within the country were also possible in this scenario. Even without British withdrawal, however, the only sound U.S. response to a Soviet collapse would be to ‘‘adopt the strategic defensive in the European Theater of War and to conduct the strategic offensive in the Japanese theater.’’ On August 19 the JPS the great strategic debate 93 approved this report, forwarded it to the Joint Chiefs as JCS 85, and ordered the preparation of a strategic plan for the defeat of Japan.40​

Concurrent to these concerns, the following documents were prepared:

"Conditions under Which an Armistice Might Be Negotiated between the United Nations and the European Powers", on June 11, 1942 by Maj. Gen. George V. Strong (S Document 22)

Col. Nevins, ‘‘Courses of Action Open to the United States in the Event the Prospective 1942 German Offensive Forces Russia to Capitulate,’’ memo, Apr. 1942, and unsigned memo to Nevins, Apr. 25, 1942, Wedemeyer Papers, box 76, folder 2, HI

With the removal of the Russian Front, the conclusion by American planners was the need to shift from the Europe First to Pacific First strategy at the minimum, drawing down forces in the Atlantic purely to those sufficient to safe guard the United Kingdom from a German invasion. With the benefit of hindsight we know this wasn't a realistic concern in terms of invasion, but the JCS was concerned with such given they didn't have access to German documents like we do. In the first document, written by Maj. Gen. Strong, it was recommended negotiations be opened to convene an armistice, as it was not thought possible to defeat the Germans without the Red Army tying down large elements of it.

It may not have been clear to most at the time but Japan was largely spent as an offensive force at this point. Relatively limited actions could have tightened the grip as OTL and forced the collapse of its empire. If nothing else continued supplies to China, rather than trying to establish a logistically very demanding USAAF bomber force in the country would have continued to wear it down as would a commerce war on its limited merchant shipping. As I said huge saving could be made by only attacking on one line, either in SE Asia or the central Pacific, rather than allowing the army and navy to have their owm separate operations. It wouldn't be any quicker than OTL and may take a bit longer but its possible with far less forces.

It's not clear to anyone, then or now. In 1943, the Japanese Islands were not under any bombing campaign, the submarine campaign had yet to be undertaken and the IJN had yet to be defeated as an effective force. Most of Southeast Asia and China are under Japanese occupation, so even if the submarine campaign starts the Japanese can just do Operation Ichi Go and now the Americans have no ability to harm them economically, allowing the Japanese to build up their military and industrial might undisturbed.

You have said there would be huge savings, but you have not demonstrated that at all, which is how a debate works. Further, you are contradicting yourself further; somehow the Americans can build up a massive army at the expense of the Navy and Army Air Force, but then somehow still be able to tighten the noose against Japan with much fewer resources.

You must know how stupid that statement is. Even ignoring for replacements there are issues of ground crew and other support staff that would be vastly higher. Not to mention the even more important one of the huge industrial effort to develop and manufacture teh B-29's.

Steve, you're the one claiming one airplane was the sole reason the U.S. didn't have a larger Army in WWII with no citations, so perhaps you shouldn't be casting stones when your argument is made of glass? Let's go wild and say the support services for the B-29 was five times the amount of crew needed for them, which then equates to a combined total of 262,020 or about....14 divisions lol. Given the manpower that was slated to build them was needed to, you know, build them, then you are now saying the U.S. has no B-29s which means a strategic air campaign against Japan is out of the question entirely.

Of course the above analysis is no longer relevant. Russia has already been reduce to a 2nd rate power so you can't rely on it to do the majority of the fighting. Therefore you have to either do it yourself, which as you say the US was unwilling to do or rely on "indirect campaigns in the Mediterranean against Germany’s satellites, combined with blockade, bombing, and guerrilla operations, to force a German collapse". Or more to the point to continue waging the war and weakening the enemy until other options are available. As the quote says the southern Balkans especially are remote from the centres of German power so they are logistically difficult to get to. The terrain and many natives deeply hostile to the Axis also makes the sort of German armoured thrusts far less effective.

Given the different circumstances and that as you argue the US was unwilling to take on the German army head to head then peripheral operations are the only option for land warfare.

The idiotic Anglo-phobia shows how ignorant of the circumstances the people making those suggestions were. Britain is clearly spent as a great power able to pose a serious economic challenge to the US post-war and that's well known by now.

To focus in on the Russian angle is to deliberately ignore the majority, as well as the very first sentence, which notes such a strategy was rejected because in the view of the U.S. they could never defeat the Germans with such a strategy, it's stated plain and simple. Quite frankly, your own argument shows that; if the Balkans are distant and logistically difficult, how exactly are you supposed to defeat the Germans there since it is not economically vital? Further, the Balkans are only a few hundred miles by train from Germany but literally thousands-if not tens of thousands given the Med is closed with Malta lost-by ship from America or Britain. As the U.S. JCS said, there was no way they could beat the Germans given those logistical constraints alone and to talk about how the Allies could grind down the Germans there is to ignore the very obvious counter to that historically: Italy.

Again your playing fast and loose with the facts. I clearly mentioned not wasting a lot of resources in building up a sizeable army sitting around in Britain when a relatively small proportion of that could make a big difference where the fighting could well be. So again there's no impact on Torch. Ditto I'm talking about using naval power more efficiently and the primary difference might be one hugely expensive research project gets cut.

No, you keep moving goalposts to suit your argument. What forces are you referring to and can you name them? You suggested reducing Naval production, so how exactly is the shipping there to do all of that then? If the U.S. and UK are sending forces to do TORCH, there is nothing for the Middle East when the Germans come knocking. If you are pulling things out of the Pacific in 1942, congratulations, the Republicans win the midterms on a Pacific First strategy. Even worse, the Japanese are free to build up in peace and establish air and naval bases in the Southwest Pacific that isolate Australia, a political disaster for Britain and further pressure on Roosevelt to cut losses in Europe in order to focus on Japan, who the American public see as their main enemy anyway.

You can't have it both ways and as I have asked you repeatedly now, you need to clearly and concisely state what you are arguing. If you think I am misunderstanding you, then that is because you have not adequately defined what you are saying and the onerous to do such is on you.

Apart from the fact its not unlimited oil as I have pointed out above and as you would know from any book on WWII, possibly most especially Tooze's oil was far from the only limitation on the German war machine. Interesting that your suggesting that the US war economy will stumble with any change to match the new situation but that the German one, with less population, less resources and industry and far inferior leadership will manage to magic up unlimited production of a/c without any restraint. Especially since:
a) Your already admitted the occupied zone in the east will require considerable German forces - and supplies and equipment for them - even without clashes with rump Soviet/Russia forces in the Urals and further east or fighting allied forces in area such as the Caucasus Mts. Remembering we're talking about Hitler and the Nazis here so both of those are likely.

b) An equal comparison would be that Britain, a small island under partial blockade and from 1944 also under renewed bombardment, with markedly less population and industrial base than greater Germany managed to pretty much match the latter in a/c production. Especially remembering that the British were expanding huge resources on stratgic bombers, which takes a lot more than fighters and that its designs were markedly superior than those being produced in Germany.

It is unlimited oil because, as pointed out by @sillygoose, Maikop and Grozny with Romania vastly exceeds German requirements, meaning there would be a surplus. You can make the trivial argument that there is no such thing as unlimited oil given the finite supplies on Earth, but that is, as stated, a trivial argument that is throughly semantics rather than substance. Further, if you can think of other constraints, by all means, cite them for us. Let us see what they are and then we can look at what is available to Germany in this scenario and then look at their effectiveness in extracting resources historically. I don't think you will do this however because your arguments rely on their undefined nature to cast aspersions on to what I say or cite, without offering any real substance on your part.

We can also do without making deliberately false arguments on your part, such as the claim I said the U.S. economy would stumble. If I said that, I challenge to cite me where I did. Since we both know you are lying, you can apologize instead. Now then, to address your points:

A) I said the Germans would probably maintain a 100 Division occupation force. That automatically frees up 50 Divisions for duty elsewhere and, given the lack of the level of losses in the East from 1942 onward, you've also avoided roughly another 50 Divisions in losses. That means 100 Divisions of manpower able to be converted into industrial labor, for use in combat actions against the Western Allies (For the record, this is more divisions than the U.S. raised in WWII for the Army), or converted to other tasks; combing through for pilots, for example. As I said earlier, you can continue to pretend to claim the Soviets will be fighting on but there is no proof for that and this is why you have failed categorically to offer it yet.

B) What your analysis ignores is that Britain raised only about 50 Divisions in WWII, Germany raised over 300. Britain had access to the industrial might and resources of the United States and its Empire, which is an economic advantage Germany didn't achieve IOTL and was seeking to do so with the conquest of Russia. That Germany still, by 1944, managed to outproduce the UK or match it in everything but naval production says a lot. Don't believe me? Look at AFVs, Aircraft and munitions output for that time. Now tell me how, exactly, with a greatly expanded resource base and vast amounts of manpower for industrial work freed the Germans can't achieve higher production? I never claimed it would be unlimited, that is you engaging in malicious lies again. If you feel otherwise, again, please quote me where I made that claim.

Again I'm quoting from Tooze, see pages 582-584, where he talks about the outdated German designs and the burdens that placed on the Luftwaffe. Especially the comment from a US ace about the extreme vulnerability of the 109G. Germany boosted numbers by failing to upgrade quality. As he mentions in the preceding pages developing newer designs would have been a slow and costly process and if 2-3 years down the line would then cause a disruption to production while all those assembly lines had to retool. It might help if Germany was still fighting in 46-47 but isn't going to produce better a/c in substantial numbers in the shorter term.

I also notice your raising the old chimera of massively increasing Me 262 production. Those required large quantities of specials materials the Germans don't have access to. Plus even then the a/c was distinctly unstable and its weight and landing speed meant it really needed specialised concrete runways rather than grass tracks and even then tended to suffer damage due to inferior artificial rubber and its stats meaning a lot of punchers.

Sillygoose already addressed this for me but to claim higher Me 262 production is a chimera is baseless. Said special materials come from Yugoslavia, Ukraine and Turkey, all of which German owns or has economic ties with. Good thing too the Germans have high production of quality rubber, as already stated in the OP, and vast amounts of resources and space for runways without needing to expand synthetic oil production facilities. Even further, I suggest you actually look at the stats of the plan itself rather than an uncited claim; in all relevant metrics, it was superior to anything the Allies were fielding in 1945. If you take it a step further and look at its shoot down rates, which was one every eight sorties, then compare it to the sortie rates of the Luftwaffe in OTL 1944, you begin to realize the issues for the Allies. Had the Germans achieved a fleet of about 1,500 or so Me-262s active at any one time, with no other aircraft, while achieving the same sortie rate they did IOTL 1944 with fuel shortages, you find the Germans would shoot down more American bombers than American bombers were produced in 1944.
 

stevep

Well-known member
The US actually did not. It had maxed out a lot of its resources since its main contribution was production and was in fact also running out of infantry replacements, hence the use of black soldiers as infantry in integrated units after combing them out of other specialties (yes that started in WW2 and in fact was the major example that led to the 1948 integration).

Michael Beschloss's The Conquerors actually covers this a bit in the section about the Battle of the Bulge wherein George Marshall effectively said if we lose one or more armies then they would have to mobilize millions of men from industry, take a production hit, cut deep into civilian production, and see how the civilians reacted. Given all the increasing labor strikes, grumbling of civilians and demands for more civilian production, as well as major fears of riots if things didn't ease up soon at home then having to mobilize more men and cutting civilian production more would have only resulted in the US public forcing the government to negotiate. Especially since the public mood was very much that the Germans weren't the main enemy, Japan was (the opposite of what Roosevelt thought).
So while technically true that the US could have mobilized more, politically there was no will for that against Germany.

The 90 division gamble was forced on the US due to actual resource constraints, since they opted for a massive navy, air force, and to supply the efforts of the Soviets, Chinese, and British among others; the public would only tolerate so much for the war in Europe, though they'd likely have been more willing to continue fighting Japan since Japan actually bombed US soil in a sneak attack. Of course though fighting Japan was MUCH less costly than fighting Germany in terms of casualties and even expense.


In the US there was a huge part of the public which was ready to negotiate even at the end of the war. After the Bulge was won nearly 40% of the US public said it would negotiate with the German army. Pre D-day IIRC it was even higher. There is a book I just found about US opinion polling related to the war with Germany that is excellent and covers the entire war and nuances of both polling and public perception of the war as well as FDR's management of said opinion (and how he really did not give a F about what the public wanted if he could get away with it).

Japan the public wouldn't accept peace with, but FDR would have been willing to it turns out, but Germany a huge part of the public would and the US government demonstrated it could engineer a shift in enough of the remainder to form a majority if they did chose to end the war, but despite their best propaganda efforts 40% were still willing to negotiate to end the war with Germany in January 1945!

Running into lunch time but that's a depressing insight into public opinion in the US. True we have more knowledge of how both evil and irrational the Nazis were but the idea that the US would so easily give up on the war in Europe rather than make a full scale effort is disturbing. It wouldn't have ended well for anybody.

Thing is having natural oil and not needing nearly as much synthetic saves a vast amount of resources that could be used for something else.


As to how many such plants they had:

Yes not needing a massive synthetic oil programme - assuming the Austrian fields will make a big enough difference - would be a considerable boost for Germany. Whether it would in itself be enough to resolve virtually all material issues I'm doubtful but it would definitely help them.


Germany on the defensive doesn't need nearly as many a/c as the Allies especially thanks to FLAK and other technologies that favor the defense. Again see the BoB and Channel air battles of 1941-42:


1941 was even worse. For every bomber lost to single engine fighters it cost the Allies FAR more than the Germans

No they don't need 1-1 and its further compounded by the advantage of fighting on 'home ground' so to speak as down pilots who aren't seriously hurt can resume action whereas allied pilots are likely to be captured. However I can't see them even approaching 1-1. Also the disadvantage of being on the defensive is that you have to try and defend everywhere, or leave some areas unprotected whereas the attacker can choose the time and location of their operations to some degree.


Only with US LL resources and the US taking over part of the AAA burden, naval burden, shipping burden, training, etc. Even then part of the 'British' was actually the Empire (see how many colonial pilots served as well as their air forces) and imperial navies and only having a 50 division army. The Germans had over 300 throughout the war.
The He177 was roughly equivalent to the Manchester, the twin engine Lancaster. The He277 was basically the equivalent of the Avro Lincoln.

Their definitely factors, especially from 43 onward. However things like the naval and shipping burden weren't an issue for the Germans and they had a pretty much continental spanning empire and a fairly well developed one to exploit. Albeit the nature of their regime meant that they couldn't use the vast majority of that proposed empire for direct military means.

Yes Britain used a lot of dominion and colonial personal, but I was referring more to the production capacity to put HL's reference to Germany catching up with and then overtaking Britain in a number of categories in comparison. Even more-so it highlights the point that the allies have a deeper manpower reserve than the Germans and their allies and in many ways a more educated/trained one.

I wasn't sure of Britain's army size off the top of my head but Britain is also maintaining a very large navy and air-force and those 50 divs were supported by many others from the dominions and empire. Also for most of the war how many of those 300 German divisions were at anything like full strength?

The reason why the US government generally accepted the Germany 1st priority - albeit that elements of their military, especially parts of the USN seem at times to only play lip service to it - was that they realised that while Japan was an irritant it wasn't a real threat to the US itself. Germany was and is going to be seen as even more so if it gains control of the bulk of European Russia.

If the US did insist on making peace with the European Axis following the suggested Soviet collapse - which would force Britain to follow suit what sort of conditions and terms do you think they would try and obtain and do you think that would sap willpower too much to continue the war against Japan to a total victory?

Steve

Steve
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
Caveat about my postings: I'm not being a Wehraboo, just pointing out things that are factual about the war which I can support with sources; it just so happens that the German were a lot more dangerous that I think you're allowing for and increasing their resources over OTL means some bad things for the Allies. After all there is a reason it took the Allies near 6 years to beat the Nazis and the Soviets suffered some 3 million casualties (10% of their entire wartime total) just in 1945 when the Nazis were at their weakest. Pointing this out isn't expressing support or admiration or whatever for WW2 Germany, just discussing the reality of the situation, at least as I understand it having read about different aspects the war for decades (I had a lot of family serve in US forces in the war so grew up hearing all about it and got fascinated about the conflict quite young).

Running into lunch time but that's a depressing insight into public opinion in the US. True we have more knowledge of how both evil and irrational the Nazis were but the idea that the US would so easily give up on the war in Europe rather than make a full scale effort is disturbing. It wouldn't have ended well for anybody.
Couple of things on that, there was a caveat in the polling in that the people said they were willing to cut a deal with the German army; the percentage that were willing to deal with Hitler were much lower. They also thought the war was likely to go on another year too. The American people always considered the war in Europe one of choice rather than necessity and Japan was their main enemy since they sneak attacked US forces. Race probably was a factor as well as a plurality of Americans had German heritage and didn't consider the German people their foe, rather the Nazi regime.

BTW History Learner does deserve credit for posting the polling data originally in another thread, which is how I found out about it.

Truth be told largely what happened in Europe wouldn't have mattered that much to the average American's life, there was no real risk of the Nazis being able to invade America, so it makes sense they wouldn't care as much. Japan on the other hand did bomb US soil repeatedly and could have invaded the West Coast theoretically. Understandably, despite the horror of the Nazi regime and what would come with their victory, the average American wasn't really all that concerned with Europe's problems so long as those problems stayed across the Atlantic. Dying for an abstract concept across an ocean generally isn't the highest priority for most people.

Yes not needing a massive synthetic oil programme - assuming the Austrian fields will make a big enough difference - would be a considerable boost for Germany. Whether it would in itself be enough to resolve virtually all material issues I'm doubtful but it would definitely help them.
Historically that field yielded over 2 million tons of oil, which if they didn't need to produce 2 million tons of synthetic would save them 14 million tons of coal (6 tons to make 1 ton of oil, the 7th ton of coal to produce the necessary electricity), all the steel to make the plants, construction costs, who knows what else in terms of chemical resources, etc. That means either more synthetic rubber or who knows what else in terms of production. How could that not help them? Whether that would be the margin between victory and defeat in WW2 is another discussion however.

No they don't need 1-1 and its further compounded by the advantage of fighting on 'home ground' so to speak as down pilots who aren't seriously hurt can resume action whereas allied pilots are likely to be captured. However I can't see them even approaching 1-1. Also the disadvantage of being on the defensive is that you have to try and defend everywhere, or leave some areas unprotected whereas the attacker can choose the time and location of their operations to some degree.
I'm curious why not? They were doing that until the radar screen in France was breeched by the invasion. It was just that the Allies could afford that casualty rate. Strategic bombing in WW2 was like trench warfare in WW1: attritional. The question is whether with extra resources thanks to no active Eastern Front whether they could get casualty rates up to the level they needed to win; IOTL in mid-late 1943 they almost got there. The 2nd Schweinfurt raid nearly resulted in the cancellation of daylight bombing due to the heavy losses, while the Battle of Berlin in 1943-44 wrecked Bomber Command and forced them to focus on bombing France instead for several months. More resources from 1942 on and probably a forced Allied invasion of France in 1942 (Operation Sledgehammer) due to the collapse of the USSR would change everything compared to OTL; a failed invasion of France would probably end the war. No way the Wallies simply do OTL strategy with the USSR actually imploding.

If you check the 1941-42 (and really throughout the entire thing) air campaign picking and choosing what to protect was what was done.

Their definitely factors, especially from 43 onward. However things like the naval and shipping burden weren't an issue for the Germans and they had a pretty much continental spanning empire and a fairly well developed one to exploit. Albeit the nature of their regime meant that they couldn't use the vast majority of that proposed empire for direct military means.
It was quite a bit more than you think; more resources were spent on naval construction throughout WW2 than panzers. At least 20% of the war economy was focused on naval construction in 1939-42. I wouldn't say it was the nature of the empire that prevented that (and I would challenge that given that their proportion of their economies dedicate to war production were much higher than the Wallies throughout the war), as much as the Wallied blockade and economic warfare. The book I mentioned to you relatively recently, "Does Conquest Pay" shows that at least in Western Europe the integration of the occupied economies into the German war effort was quite high and the biggest obstacle was the lack of resources like coal (important call back to the synthetic oil situation) and other resources no longer imported due to the blockade. Limited resources were the much greater obstacle and why Germany focused those resources on maximizing production at home rather than favoring occupied nations' industries.

Yes Britain used a lot of dominion and colonial personal, but I was referring more to the production capacity to put HL's reference to Germany catching up with and then overtaking Britain in a number of categories in comparison. Even more-so it highlights the point that the allies have a deeper manpower reserve than the Germans and their allies and in many ways a more educated/trained one.
UK production was a function of US and colonial resources. Without those Britain is unable to utilize its industries...which could then specialize in maximizing output in a few areas because the Soviet army did the majority of the ground fighting and the US military did the bulk of the fighting for the Wallies from 1943 on. The only area where the British were the majority was in the night bombing campaign...which only was able to be as successful as it was due to Germany having to dedicate resources to also fighting the USAAF by day and the Soviets in a massive land campaign.

My point is cherrypicking a few areas where Britain did better in production with massive L-L aid (over $30 billion in 1940 value dollars), colonial support, and reduced German output due to having to split their resources fighting 3 vast empires in different environments. They couldn't specialize production and forces, while the Allies could, having chosen to have each nation focus on their specialty.

Remove one of those allies and the Allied war effort is tremendously reduced. All the Allied powers were maxed out in terms of manpower allocations; they chose to favor production over large armies (the Soviets excepted), which meant keeping manpower allocated to factories and infrastructure, while the Soviets took the burden of fielding in exchange for massive material support and strategic air support. The 90 division gamble was a function of not having enough manpower to have a larger army, not simply a random choice; as it was by 1944 the US army was out of replacements in Europe and cannablizing it's support services for manpower, including throwing highly trained technicians into combat as riflemen without infantry training. That actually happened to the comedian Mel Brooks; he was put into a high skilled technical training program only to end up deployed as an infantry solider during the Battle of the Bulge without having anything beyond basic training.

Also you're forgetting a major problem the Wallies had without the Soviets in the picture beyond 1942: they had to maintain global empires and project forces across the oceans in two different theaters, which is extraordinarily expensive in terms of resources; especially if the Wallies opt to continue to fund the rump Soviet effort they would either need to increase, if possible, their resources dedicated to keep them alive, or at least maintain OTL levels of support, so that means having to keep a huge part of their resources unavailable for themselves and instead used for a less effective than IOTL force that ties down fewer German resources. So while the Wallied resources and manpower seem vast they also had a lot of expenses that the Axis powers didn't have to expend given that they were fighting in their backyard and the Wallies largely weren't.

I wasn't sure of Britain's army size off the top of my head but Britain is also maintaining a very large navy and air-force and those 50 divs were supported by many others from the dominions and empire. Also for most of the war how many of those 300 German divisions were at anything like full strength?
Those 50 divisions included some colonial divisions, especially African ones. Yes there were other armies like the Australians, but those largely served away from Europe, same with the Indian army.

As to divisions being at full strength virtually no ones were throughout the war. Yes by the end the German ones were quite small relative to the 1939 ones, but they had much more firepower relative to each man which helped reduce casualties and in some ways increased combat effectiveness; the Soviets did the same, but with even smaller divisions that were like reinforced brigades, which gave rise post-war to smaller units with higher firepower to increase combat effectiveness. US and UK divisions were also routinely understrength by 1944-45 as well. As HL pointed out by late 1944 US forces were short 80,000 men in Europe despite deploying only like 60 divisions. They also had to rely on foreign troops like the French, Italian allied, Brazilians, etc. to have enough troops online. I'm not trying to say the shortages were equivalent to German shortages in late 1944, but it was a problem all around and doesn't necessarily tell us that much about the material situation of those units. I do know that part of the equipment shortage issue by late 1944 was the transport situation due to bombing of rail yards rather than an actual shortage of equipment; despite the best efforts of strategic bombing production of guns like the 88mm PAK43 were actually at all time highs and 55% higher at the end of 1944 than at the beginning.

The reason why the US government generally accepted the Germany 1st priority - albeit that elements of their military, especially parts of the USN seem at times to only play lip service to it - was that they realised that while Japan was an irritant it wasn't a real threat to the US itself. Germany was and is going to be seen as even more so if it gains control of the bulk of European Russia.
I think you mean the FDR administration accepted that. The US public did not and a lot of the military wanted to fight Japan a lot more than Germany. You'd be incorrect about the military thinking Japan was less of a threat; in fact Germany presented virtually no threat to the US proper while Japan had a fleet that attack US soil multiple times and conquered US territories in the Pacific as well as crippled the US Pacific fleet in 1941-mid 42. The reality is that Germany was the irritant to the US if even that, while Japan was the main actual threat.

I mean no personal insult when I say this, but it does seem you have an anglo-centric perspective on the war regarding Germany. As an American with a fair number of veteran relatives who served in the war, as well as relatives who lived through it as civilians, I can say with certainty that the mood of the country was that Germany was a much lesser threat than Japan and the USN's leadership thought so to such a degree that Admiral King denuded the Atlantic of defenses to reinforce the Pacific, which led to the German uboat successes. Polling also supports that, which led to a massive propaganda effort in the US in 1944 to get the public to want to continue fighting Germany.

Germany that controls Europe is going to be focused in the East as we know from all the captured German planning documents, not a threat to the US or necessarily even the UK (assuming they were willing to become somewhat subordinate to the Nazi empire). The fight between Germany and the US was instigated by Roosevelt with his material support for Germany's enemies and the undeclared naval war in the Atlantic. Certainly FDR did have a point that in the long run a united Europe under Hitler would be a massive economic competitor, but there were no plans to invade or fight the US unless the US caused Hitler trouble; Hitler's main threat to FDR was the economic competition, which would displace the US globally as the main financial power. If you want sourcing to back up this view I'd be happy to provide some, but I get it if you've had enough book recommendations from me for a long while.

If the US did insist on making peace with the European Axis following the suggested Soviet collapse - which would force Britain to follow suit what sort of conditions and terms do you think they would try and obtain and do you think that would sap willpower too much to continue the war against Japan to a total victory?
I'll answer the last question first: I think the US public would fight Japan to the bitter end because of the hate generated by the sneak attack at Pearl Harbor and general racist views toward Japan (a view returned by the Japanese) as well as to recover national pride after having to deal with defeat in Europe.

As to the terms and conditions it would depend on the situation and when the war ends; the longer the war goes on the worse the terms get. If it is in say 1943 then I think the terms would be one of US forces staying out of Britain, the British military getting limitations (which would happen anyway due to their financial state), economic resources from the colonies as reparations for the war, recognizing German deals with the continental European states, expelling the governments in exile in Britain and the US, probably some sort of financial deal to normalize economic relations that would probably leave Britain as an economic vassal of Germany due to their dependency on trade, and may the return of Germany's WW1 colonies as well as return of occupied European states' empires. I don't know how Britain can turn any of that down if they cut a deal, just blunt the worse aspects of them.

Hitler would have no means of enforcing anything against the US so it's probably a white peace with later negotiations of trade deals; they would likely have a Cold War relationship going forward.
 

stevep

Well-known member
HL
Caveat about my postings: I'm not being a Wehraboo, just pointing out things that are factual about the war which I can support with sources; it just so happens that the German were a lot more dangerous that I think you're allowing for and increasing their resources over OTL means some bad things for the Allies. After all there is a reason it took the Allies near 6 years to beat the Nazis and the Soviets suffered some 3 million casualties (10% of their entire wartime total) just in 1945 when the Nazis were at their weakest. Pointing this out isn't expressing support or admiration or whatever for WW2 Germany, just discussing the reality of the situation, at least as I understand it having read about different aspects the war for decades (I had a lot of family serve in US forces in the war so grew up hearing all about it and got fascinated about the conflict quite young).

Couple of things on that, there was a caveat in the polling in that the people said they were willing to cut a deal with the German army; the percentage that were willing to deal with Hitler were much lower. They also thought the war was likely to go on another year too. The American people always considered the war in Europe one of choice rather than necessity and Japan was their main enemy since they sneak attacked US forces. Race probably was a factor as well as a plurality of Americans had German heritage and didn't consider the German people their foe, rather the Nazi regime.

BTW History Learner does deserve credit for posting the polling data originally in another thread, which is how I found out about it.

Truth be told largely what happened in Europe wouldn't have mattered that much to the average American's life, there was no real risk of the Nazis being able to invade America, so it makes sense they wouldn't care as much. Japan on the other hand did bomb US soil repeatedly and could have invaded the West Coast theoretically. Understandably, despite the horror of the Nazi regime and what would come with their victory, the average American wasn't really all that concerned with Europe's problems so long as those problems stayed across the Atlantic. Dying for an abstract concept across an ocean generally isn't the highest priority for most people.

As you say a lot of this depends on who was in charge of Germany and in those circumstances its unlikely to be anyone other than Hitler. Plus I know from a discussion on another site that pointed out polls often depended on what the wording of the question was. [Some time back on a naval history site where it caused pretty heated debate but slightly different variants in the wording could give considerable differences in the results].

Also Germany is a much greater threat than Japan because it has far greater industrial and economic power, and the feared potential for more if it conquered European Russia. That was something that was feared in the US according to a fair amount of stuff I've seen over the years along with the awareness that the Atlantic was narrower than the Pacific and there was concern about Germany gaining influence in Latin America. Japan had an existing fleet, although by this time its core strength - its carriers - had been sharply reduced but it had no potential to be anything but an irritant to the US homeland itself.

I would also argue that while the older settler communities in the US may have been less interested in events in Europe the more recent ones, including a lot of Slavs were far more motivated as they heard details of what was happening to their kin. Also would big business be that happy being shut out of most world markets?

Not saying your wrong that the US would give up in such circumstances but I have doubts its as certain as you seem to be suggesting.




Historically that field yielded over 2 million tons of oil, which if they didn't need to produce 2 million tons of synthetic would save them 14 million tons of coal (6 tons to make 1 ton of oil, the 7th ton of coal to produce the necessary electricity), all the steel to make the plants, construction costs, who knows what else in terms of chemical resources, etc. That means either more synthetic rubber or who knows what else in terms of production. How could that not help them? Whether that would be the margin between victory and defeat in WW2 is another discussion however.

It would definitely help a lot if used efficiently but I'm dubious of some of the assumptions being made by HL of virtually unlimited production without any restraints on German capacity.


I'm curious why not? They were doing that until the radar screen in France was breeched by the invasion. It was just that the Allies could afford that casualty rate. Strategic bombing in WW2 was like trench warfare in WW1: attritional. The question is whether with extra resources thanks to no active Eastern Front whether they could get casualty rates up to the level they needed to win; IOTL in mid-late 1943 they almost got there. The 2nd Schweinfurt raid nearly resulted in the cancellation of daylight bombing due to the heavy losses, while the Battle of Berlin in 1943-44 wrecked Bomber Command and forced them to focus on bombing France instead for several months. More resources from 1942 on and probably a forced Allied invasion of France in 1942 (Operation Sledgehammer) due to the collapse of the USSR would change everything compared to OTL; a failed invasion of France would probably end the war. No way the Wallies simply do OTL strategy with the USSR actually imploding.

If you check the 1941-42 (and really throughout the entire thing) air campaign picking and choosing what to protect was what was done.

It was quite a bit more than you think; more resources were spent on naval construction throughout WW2 than panzers. At least 20% of the war economy was focused on naval construction in 1939-42. I wouldn't say it was the nature of the empire that prevented that (and I would challenge that given that their proportion of their economies dedicate to war production were much higher than the Wallies throughout the war), as much as the Wallied blockade and economic warfare. The book I mentioned to you relatively recently, "Does Conquest Pay" shows that at least in Western Europe the integration of the occupied economies into the German war effort was quite high and the biggest obstacle was the lack of resources like coal (important call back to the synthetic oil situation) and other resources no longer imported due to the blockade. Limited resources were the much greater obstacle and why Germany focused those resources on maximizing production at home rather than favoring occupied nations' industries.

On the 1st point the panzers themselves, as opposed to the panzer divisions, were a relatively small commitment of raw materials at least so not surprised they would be smaller than total naval construction, given the tonnage of the big ships early on and the sheer number of U boats, which also needed specialised equipment and expertise to manufacture.

Until the later stages of the war the allies didn't really have the capacity to divert forces that much in the strategic bombing campaign, plus highly restricted doctrine was an issues. As I said in my earlier posts I would probably have reduced it greatly to increase capacity for other areas.

Agree that Germany had problems with limited resources, which is one of my points and something that HL seems to repeatedly ignore hence my frustration with him.



UK production was a function of US and colonial resources. Without those Britain is unable to utilize its industries...which could then specialize in maximizing output in a few areas because the Soviet army did the majority of the ground fighting and the US military did the bulk of the fighting for the Wallies from 1943 on. The only area where the British were the majority was in the night bombing campaign...which only was able to be as successful as it was due to Germany having to dedicate resources to also fighting the USAAF by day and the Soviets in a massive land campaign.

In part definitely, just as for Germany and even, albeit to a much lesser degree the US itself - replacing US L-L with loot from conquered territory in the German case.;)


My point is cherrypicking a few areas where Britain did better in production with massive L-L aid (over $30 billion in 1940 value dollars), colonial support, and reduced German output due to having to split their resources fighting 3 vast empires in different environments. They couldn't specialize production and forces, while the Allies could, having chosen to have each nation focus on their specialty.

The issue here is that I was countering HL's cherry-picking as I thought I made clear from the way I phased it?

Remove one of those allies and the Allied war effort is tremendously reduced. All the Allied powers were maxed out in terms of manpower allocations; they chose to favor production over large armies (the Soviets excepted), which meant keeping manpower allocated to factories and infrastructure, while the Soviets took the burden of fielding in exchange for massive material support and strategic air support. The 90 division gamble was a function of not having enough manpower to have a larger army, not simply a random choice; as it was by 1944 the US army was out of replacements in Europe and cannablizing it's support services for manpower, including throwing highly trained technicians into combat as riflemen without infantry training. That actually happened to the comedian Mel Brooks; he was put into a high skilled technical training program only to end up deployed as an infantry solider during the Battle of the Bulge without having anything beyond basic training.

I would argue that as you say it was a decision by the US to choose production over military strength in part because they had allies to do the bulk of the fighting. With British strength declining and the Soviets crippled the US either has to give up as you suggest or make a parallel commitment. They may do the former but the 2nd is definately a possible option. That's all I'm saying. The political decision may be to make peace and as you suggest accept German domination of most of the world but there is another option.

Also you're forgetting a major problem the Wallies had without the Soviets in the picture beyond 1942: they had to maintain global empires and project forces across the oceans in two different theaters, which is extraordinarily expensive in terms of resources; especially if the Wallies opt to continue to fund the rump Soviet effort they would either need to increase, if possible, their resources dedicated to keep them alive, or at least maintain OTL levels of support, so that means having to keep a huge part of their resources unavailable for themselves and instead used for a less effective than IOTL force that ties down fewer German resources. So while the Wallied resources and manpower seem vast they also had a lot of expenses that the Axis powers didn't have to expend given that they were fighting in their backyard and the Wallies largely weren't.

In some ways yes. Although provided you have sea control - which we should have achieved earlier in the Atlantic! - that is while a bit slower a lot cheaper even than railway transportation for bulk goods. Plus of course the ME is more in the western allies back yards than the Axis as their reliant on very long links to the front while the allies have a fair amount of resources, infrastructure and facilities built up in the region and India for instance. While in Europe Britain is an handy and well equipped base for projected air and sea power against the Axis.

Assuming that once the A-A line was achieved which I think even HL has admitted would be some time in 43 if things go well for Germany then the prioirity would be seeking to maintain a Soviet presence in the Urals and Siberia. As I pointed out most of the Soviet population is no longer being supplied by L-L simply because their under German rule. [Given German plans most are dying unfortunately although a lot more than I think he suspects will be surviving]. As such food supplies as OTL would probably supply most/all of the much smaller military and civilian population. The key issue here with the Iran supply route having to go totally through Central Asia would be the capacity on the Trans Siberian.

Those 50 divisions included some colonial divisions, especially African ones. Yes there were other armies like the Australians, but those largely served away from Europe, same with the Indian army.

As to divisions being at full strength virtually no ones were throughout the war. Yes by the end the German ones were quite small relative to the 1939 ones, but they had much more firepower relative to each man which helped reduce casualties and in some ways increased combat effectiveness; the Soviets did the same, but with even smaller divisions that were like reinforced brigades, which gave rise post-war to smaller units with higher firepower to increase combat effectiveness. US and UK divisions were also routinely understrength by 1944-45 as well. As HL pointed out by late 1944 US forces were short 80,000 men in Europe despite deploying only like 60 divisions. They also had to rely on foreign troops like the French, Italian allied, Brazilians, etc. to have enough troops online. I'm not trying to say the shortages were equivalent to German shortages in late 1944, but it was a problem all around and doesn't necessarily tell us that much about the material situation of those units. I do know that part of the equipment shortage issue by late 1944 was the transport situation due to bombing of rail yards rather than an actual shortage of equipment; despite the best efforts of strategic bombing production of guns like the 88mm PAK43 were actually at all time highs and 55% higher at the end of 1944 than at the beginning.

However a fair number of Indian divisions served against the European Axis, in Africa and Italy if not in France. The Canadians also maintained large forces there. Also the Australians were heavily involved in the western war until Japan changed things.

Yes firepower per man increased but that also applied to allied forces as well. Plus I would point out that my initial arguments would be that the allies would be largely involved in peripheral warfare after the collapse of the main Soviet forces. As such following up the clearing of N Africa by say Sicily and Sardinia to enable fairly reliable passage through the central Med - which would free up a hell of a lot of shipping. Also fighting in the Caucasus region to maintain pressure on the Germans where their supply lines are very, very long. Later possibly an operation in the Balkans in part because terrain and rail links mean its difficult for the Germans to reinforce it quickly and it offers chances to fight them on favourable ground. Plus even with the extra oil from Matzen, Polesti is still very important to them, especially given that if the existence of the Matzan field means they haven't developed synthetic oil they don't have that to fall back on.

Basically do what's practical with forces that are available. This would probably mean that by mid 45 allied losses are markedly less than OTL since there hasn't been heavy losses in western Europe.


I think you mean the FDR administration accepted that. The US public did not and a lot of the military wanted to fight Japan a lot more than Germany. You'd be incorrect about the military thinking Japan was less of a threat; in fact Germany presented virtually no threat to the US proper while Japan had a fleet that attack US soil multiple times and conquered US territories in the Pacific as well as crippled the US Pacific fleet in 1941-mid 42. The reality is that Germany was the irritant to the US if even that, while Japan was the main actual threat.

I mean no personal insult when I say this, but it does seem you have an anglo-centric perspective on the war regarding Germany. As an American with a fair number of veteran relatives who served in the war, as well as relatives who lived through it as civilians, I can say with certainty that the mood of the country was that Germany was a much lesser threat than Japan and the USN's leadership thought so to such a degree that Admiral King denuded the Atlantic of defenses to reinforce the Pacific, which led to the German uboat successes. Polling also supports that, which led to a massive propaganda effort in the US in 1944 to get the public to want to continue fighting Germany.

Germany that controls Europe is going to be focused in the East as we know from all the captured German planning documents, not a threat to the US or necessarily even the UK (assuming they were willing to become somewhat subordinate to the Nazi empire). The fight between Germany and the US was instigated by Roosevelt with his material support for Germany's enemies and the undeclared naval war in the Atlantic. Certainly FDR did have a point that in the long run a united Europe under Hitler would be a massive economic competitor, but there were no plans to invade or fight the US unless the US caused Hitler trouble; Hitler's main threat to FDR was the economic competition, which would displace the US globally as the main financial power. If you want sourcing to back up this view I'd be happy to provide some, but I get it if you've had enough book recommendations from me for a long while.

I did mention the US government but as I say they did realise that Germany was the primary threat to US interests and potentially the US itself as Japan lacked the resources to do so while Germany, especially with the empire being talked about here potentially would.


I'll answer the last question first: I think the US public would fight Japan to the bitter end because of the hate generated by the sneak attack at Pearl Harbor and general racist views toward Japan (a view returned by the Japanese) as well as to recover national pride after having to deal with defeat in Europe.

As to the terms and conditions it would depend on the situation and when the war ends; the longer the war goes on the worse the terms get. If it is in say 1943 then I think the terms would be one of US forces staying out of Britain, the British military getting limitations (which would happen anyway due to their financial state), economic resources from the colonies as reparations for the war, recognizing German deals with the continental European states, expelling the governments in exile in Britain and the US, probably some sort of financial deal to normalize economic relations that would probably leave Britain as an economic vassal of Germany due to their dependency on trade, and may the return of Germany's WW1 colonies as well as return of occupied European states' empires. I don't know how Britain can turn any of that down if they cut a deal, just blunt the worse aspects of them.

Hitler would have no means of enforcing anything against the US so it's probably a white peace with later negotiations of trade deals; they would likely have a Cold War relationship going forward.

On the 1st point I have doubts about that based on two issues.
a) I have read that after the surrender of Germany the attitude of a lot of the US troops there was hostility towards being sent to the Pacific war - on the basis "we're fought our war". Remembering that the vast majority of those troops have seen less than a year's conflict - albeit many having been training in Britain for some time before that - while the war in the Pacific had been ongoing for 3 and a half years that seems hard on those fighting in the Pacific.

b) If your given up on one thuggish dictatorship its going to be a lot harder to argue for fighting to the end against another one. Especially since that decision is likely to mean markedly more casualties in the Pacific for the US that OTL as your probably going to end up with an invasion of Japan, with huge losses to both sides. Especially since peace with Hitler is likely to remove most/all of the British empire from the combat. Even if Britain is allowed to and you suggest it would be under de-facto German control - it would have an higher priority in defending what it has left, including what it can of its independence.

I'll really worried by your suggested surrender terms as that's what they effectively are. Your planning not only to ditch at least two allies but also give up to the Germans and their European allies territories far beyond their reach as well as resources they can't otherwise obtain. Also how many Jews would you sell to Hitler as that's likely going to be a demand once he realised the US attitude under such circumstances? Not to mention are you going to insist that the governments in exile are to be handed over to the Nazis as well? Presuming of course that Hitler is willing to accept such terms. ;)

Hitler in some of his writings did present the US as the primary challenge due to its economic powerbase. Hence his desire for a matching continental sized power base. However the regime is deeply militaristic and aggressive so assuming there's going to be any lasting peace is I think a big if. Far more logically, for Washington as well as everybody else outside the fascist powers would be a peace settlement something on the basis of the status quo. Including some border for a rump Russian state and restricting the Nazis to continental Europe. Possibly after further fighting along the lines I suggest shows that the Germans can't expand further and are more likely to lose territory than gain it.

Steve
 

sillygoose

Well-known member
Its slow at work and I'm here all day, so have too much time to respond. Don't feel obligated to respond today or anything.

Did you start to write something here?

As you say a lot of this depends on who was in charge of Germany and in those circumstances its unlikely to be anyone other than Hitler. Plus I know from a discussion on another site that pointed out polls often depended on what the wording of the question was. [Some time back on a naval history site where it caused pretty heated debate but slightly different variants in the wording could give considerable differences in the results].
Agreed. You're right about the polling questions being important, but the question and a tracking polling of public opinion was done for years throughout the war, so I'd say they did it the fairest way possible to get a non-biased answer. @History Learner has a chart tracking public opinion he posted to another thread if you're interested.

Also Germany is a much greater threat than Japan because it has far greater industrial and economic power, and the feared potential for more if it conquered European Russia. That was something that was feared in the US according to a fair amount of stuff I've seen over the years along with the awareness that the Atlantic was narrower than the Pacific and there was concern about Germany gaining influence in Latin America. Japan had an existing fleet, although by this time its core strength - its carriers - had been sharply reduced but it had no potential to be anything but an irritant to the US homeland itself.
To the top level of the government yes, but then what plans were there actually to project that power to attack the US before US entry? I'm not aware of any. All the plans I've heard about have been in the event of war with the US, even in the case of having the Plan Z fleet ready to go in 1948, rather than any plan to invade or try to conquer the US.
With that in mind even if Germany was a greater economic challenger in the near term (Japan would have been quite formidable in the long run if it won its war in Asia) Japan was the only one to attack the US military and soil unprovoked.

By the time the US had crippled the Japanese fleet at Midway Germany had even fewer means to threaten the US and their intel ops in Latin America were basically defeated. Only the Uboats were a threat and they almost exclusively focused on merchant shipping to Britain at that point.

I would also argue that while the older settler communities in the US may have been less interested in events in Europe the more recent ones, including a lot of Slavs were far more motivated as they heard details of what was happening to their kin. Also would big business be that happy being shut out of most world markets?

Not saying your wrong that the US would give up in such circumstances but I have doubts its as certain as you seem to be suggesting.
The Slavic vote wasn't particularly large at that time nationally. It was regionally influential like around Chicago (where my Polish ancestors lived at the time), but even today it is a fraction of the German heritage population and most came after WW2 AFAIK. Don't forget that the Irish and Italian Americans were neutral or basically on the side of Germany to some degree (anti-British sentiment for the Irish and pro-Italy sentiment for the Italians obviously) until US entry into the war and Italy switched sides.

Not sure how Big Business would have a choice in the matter regardless of happiness, but I would look into the massive amount of collusion between US corporations and Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. They'd have preferred to stay neutral and continue to make bank. Even Hollywood was more than willing to collaborate and censor itself for access to the German market. Also see the role of Standard Oil and IG Farben in getting Germany ready for WW2 and IBM's role in the Holocaust. If the history of corporations is any indication their only value is making money and they had pre-existing relationships with German corporations, up to an including cartels with IG Farben.

It would definitely help a lot if used efficiently but I'm dubious of some of the assumptions being made by HL of virtually unlimited production without any restraints on German capacity.
Did he say virtually unlimited production? I just read that as increased production and given historical performance rates of German industry and units in combat he does have a point. All I'm saying is that the Wallies needed the USSR to win total victory and knew it.

On the 1st point the panzers themselves, as opposed to the panzer divisions, were a relatively small commitment of raw materials at least so not surprised they would be smaller than total naval construction, given the tonnage of the big ships early on and the sheer number of U boats, which also needed specialised equipment and expertise to manufacture.

Until the later stages of the war the allies didn't really have the capacity to divert forces that much in the strategic bombing campaign, plus highly restricted doctrine was an issues. As I said in my earlier posts I would probably have reduced it greatly to increase capacity for other areas.

Agree that Germany had problems with limited resources, which is one of my points and something that HL seems to repeatedly ignore hence my frustration with him.
I'm just pointing out that naval construction consumed a lot more of German resources that is commonly thought.

The strategic bombing campaign was one of the biggest resource investments of both the US and UK during the war, so they did make enormous investments early on that only bore fruit from 1943 on. If you reduce investment in that you have a much weaker strategic bombing campaign and a much stronger German army, which offsets any gains you make if not results in actual gains on the German side, especially if they are primarily on the defensive.

As to HL's argument and limited German resources...the point he is making is in reference to a scenario where Germany is not nearly as resource limited as it was IOTL. So he does have some valid points when discussing this ATL.

In part definitely, just as for Germany and even, albeit to a much lesser degree the US itself - replacing US L-L with loot from conquered territory in the German case.;)
Sure loot was a major factor, but so was becoming much more organized and efficient as the war went on, something noted in US post-war economic research into the German economy, especially by the USSBS to determine how their economy was impacted by that huge investment in strategic bombing. They learned to do more with less probably better than anyone with some exceptions by the Soviets, though they arguably went too far in the cutting corners direction and got a lot of men killed in the process. That increase in efficiency as the war went on is a big deal if coupled with a defeated USSR and the resulting bonanza of resources that would come with one less front and more access to materials. Also remember IOTL the Germans made major investments in repairing Ukrainian industries and were just starting to enjoy the benefits of that when the Soviets overran (after what Stalin did I have a hard time saying 'liberated' in conjunction with the return of Soviet forces to) Ukraine.

The issue here is that I was countering HL's cherry-picking as I thought I made clear from the way I phased it?
Not to start a major argument about that, but I think you were uncharitably assessing the argument HL was making there. He's not wrong that without the Soviets in the war and different German production priorities plus more Soviet resources their output would be higher than Britain's, which was only as high as it was due to the Soviets and US picking up so much of the burden of the ground and naval wars/merchant shipping needs. I get what you were saying, but just think it is a flawed argument in response to his point, that's all. I said why already. We can of course agree to disagree.

I would argue that as you say it was a decision by the US to choose production over military strength in part because they had allies to do the bulk of the fighting. With British strength declining and the Soviets crippled the US either has to give up as you suggest or make a parallel commitment. They may do the former but the 2nd is definately a possible option. That's all I'm saying. The political decision may be to make peace and as you suggest accept German domination of most of the world but there is another option.
My point was that if the US does that then their production drops substantially, because they're out of labor. They were maxed out in terms of manpower, leaving their factory workers as the only source of troops. Women are only a partial replacement as Germany found out; IIRC Tooze even mentions that when a bunch of women were effectively drafted into production mid-way through the war their utility was limited in industry and the women who were capable of harder industrial labor or higher skilled labor were already utilized. That was the same with the US and UK. So more combat troops means less equipment even if L-L is discontinued to the USSR, but then without that L-L there goes any sort of hope of the USSR tying down German troops in the East even in a rump state.

Given historical internal discussions it seems like the US was more prepared to cut a deal or ignore Europe than go full Soviet style mobilization since politically that was utterly unacceptable. Even the mild rationing of OTL was causing concerns about public moral in 1944 in the US.

In some ways yes. Although provided you have sea control - which we should have achieved earlier in the Atlantic! - that is while a bit slower a lot cheaper even than railway transportation for bulk goods. Plus of course the ME is more in the western allies back yards than the Axis as their reliant on very long links to the front while the allies have a fair amount of resources, infrastructure and facilities built up in the region and India for instance. While in Europe Britain is an handy and well equipped base for projected air and sea power against the Axis.

Assuming that once the A-A line was achieved which I think even HL has admitted would be some time in 43 if things go well for Germany then the prioirity would be seeking to maintain a Soviet presence in the Urals and Siberia. As I pointed out most of the Soviet population is no longer being supplied by L-L simply because their under German rule. [Given German plans most are dying unfortunately although a lot more than I think he suspects will be surviving]. As such food supplies as OTL would probably supply most/all of the much smaller military and civilian population. The key issue here with the Iran supply route having to go totally through Central Asia would be the capacity on the Trans Siberian.
You're right about sea transport, but even without any sort of uboat threat and the secession of naval escorts there still was a huge manpower/resource investment in the production, operation, maintenance, and loading/unloading of transports, not to mention rotation of ships and crew, distance issues for how far they had to travel, inland transport of materials around the massive US, plus shipping to neutral countries for resources (yes even the US needed stuff from abroad, including the uranium used in the Manhattan project, which came from the Belgian Congo). L-L did not include the massive infrastructure upgrades around the world to the tune of tens of billions of dollars. See just what was put into Iran and what the shipping times were to get there (hint 400% longer than to Britain from the US). If the Mediterranean is still closed to merchant shipping things are even worse.

The ME is actually closer to Axis resources (thanks to Italy) than the UK or US. Probably half the distance in fact vs the UK. That's not counting links to Greece or Bulgaria either or potential Turkish entry, which means then rail links from Europe directly into Asia/the ME. Inland transport is roughly as bad for the British as the Axis in Libya (the rail lines weren't extended to the Libyan border until after Rommel retreated for the final time in late 1942-early 1943 and then that was redundant as shipping could be directed to Tripoli. In Tunisia Axis transport to the Front and shipping from Italy was vastly shorter than the Allies so long as Malta wasn't a direct threat.

The Wallies continuing LL to the rump USSR would be simply keeping them alive given the food situation, which HL more than decisively proved with quotes from the book I recommended to you about the food situation in Russia.

And yes occupied populations in conquered Russia would starve due to Nazi policies and those who did not would feed themselves, but be preoccupied with survival rather than resistance.

As to the Iran route, the only option was to ship from Northern Iran via the Caspian Sea to the mouth of the Ural river, but if the Germans get the A-A line then they can interdict all shipping to that port. So yeah, you're pretty much down to the Vladivostok route if you want to guarantee supplies arrive, but that was hard to increase supplies into due to the distance and need to flag it as Soviet shipping with Soviet crews.

However a fair number of Indian divisions served against the European Axis, in Africa and Italy if not in France. The Canadians also maintained large forces there. Also the Australians were heavily involved in the western war until Japan changed things.
How many? I think only 4 Indian ones and the rest served in Asia. A lot of the 50 divisions also just stayed in Africa, the ME, or Asia, including all the African ones. The ANZACs of course were in Europe. The Canadians were there true, but since they didn't have conscription they were pretty understrength and worn out by 1944. Japan's entry is not something to be ignored, especially as it sucked in not just the Aussies, but a number of British divisions as well.

Yes firepower per man increased but that also applied to allied forces as well.
Oh this is a major interest of mine.

Not in the same way; the Germans adopted new technologies like the assault rifle and panzerfaust, while the Wallies largely kept their exact same weapons they started the war with, though more BARs were adopted in US squads (which just was including in doctrine/TOE what had already been done on the ground quickly into the war by US troops without permission. Certainly more weapons were added, but the US keeping its divisions up to strength meant things like the reduced ratios of artillery to infantry were not achieved as they were in the German and Soviet armies. So effectively other than small tweeks at the tactical level (which weren't nearly as large as the gain that came with the adoption of new categories of weapons like the assault rifle or a 2nd MG42) US the main source of firepower in an infantry division/corps/army stayed the same throughout the war.

The Soviets and Germans had realized more men per artillery piece was worse than more artillery support per man and structured their divisions accordingly as the war went on, even if it meant reduced endurance compared to full strength early war division structures. That ended up allowing new and partially trained and in some cases worn down Volksgrenadier divisions of 10,000 men or so to defeat or at least stand up to full strength new and even in some cases veteran US infantry divisions which theoretically were much stronger in Hurtgen, along the Siegfried line, and during the Battle of the Bulge in 1944-45.

Credit for that innovation goes to the Soviets who started that in 1941 after their defeats and found it worked so well, especially when coupled with SMGs issued en masse, that they were using a refined version of that structure in 1945 still and the Germans effectively copied with the VG divisions and the 1944 division structure. Before you say that was a necessity due to manpower losses, both sides decided that more understrength divisions were better than fewer full strength ones despite the option to disband small units.

Plus I would point out that my initial arguments would be that the allies would be largely involved in peripheral warfare after the collapse of the main Soviet forces. As such following up the clearing of N Africa by say Sicily and Sardinia to enable fairly reliable passage through the central Med - which would free up a hell of a lot of shipping. Also fighting in the Caucasus region to maintain pressure on the Germans where their supply lines are very, very long. Later possibly an operation in the Balkans in part because terrain and rail links mean its difficult for the Germans to reinforce it quickly and it offers chances to fight them on favourable ground. Plus even with the extra oil from Matzen, Polesti is still very important to them, especially given that if the existence of the Matzan field means they haven't developed synthetic oil they don't have that to fall back on.

Basically do what's practical with forces that are available. This would probably mean that by mid 45 allied losses are markedly less than OTL since there hasn't been heavy losses in western Europe.
Historically were the Soviets to collapse Wallied planning was to immediately invade France to get a toe hold before it became impossible due to German reinforcement from the East. That would have gone about as well as you'd expect in 1942 or 43.
So saying they'd try the Mediterranean strategy ITTL is ignoring what we know of their historical contingency plans and what they'd do if the Soviets dropped out, which is avoid Europe until Japan is defeated and see what they could do then...assuming the public would tolerate that. Britain was rather desperate to do something in the 1941-43 period to keep the public invested in the war; if they wanted out though the Wallied war effort is in trouble.

Wallied invasion of the Caucasus area is out, the logistics just aren't there for the Wallies, so they planned on just bombing the oil fields to deny them to the Germans and screen any attempted attack against Iran.

Unfortunately, though your scenario is theoretically viable with hindsight we know from all the planning documents that have been released that that was absolutely not the strategy the Wallies would have taken in this scenario.


On the 1st point I have doubts about that based on two issues.
a) I have read that after the surrender of Germany the attitude of a lot of the US troops there was hostility towards being sent to the Pacific war - on the basis "we're fought our war". Remembering that the vast majority of those troops have seen less than a year's conflict - albeit many having been training in Britain for some time before that - while the war in the Pacific had been ongoing for 3 and a half years that seems hard on those fighting in the Pacific.
Not sure what US troop attitudes in 1945 after fighting Germany to defeat have to do with this scenario. Very different situations. They didn't want to go fight another war after having won theirs, very different from not being able to invade Europe in 1943 and beyond and instead focusing on Japan. Also remember the war in Europe inflicted over 300% more casualties than the war in Japan, so though the fighting from 1944-45 was less than 1 year it was also the bloodiest, especially the period from October 1944-March 1945. So no wonder the survivors of Europe weren't keen on going to invade Japan proper, which was estimated to likely have inflicted 500,000+ losses on the US.

b) If your given up on one thuggish dictatorship its going to be a lot harder to argue for fighting to the end against another one. Especially since that decision is likely to mean markedly more casualties in the Pacific for the US that OTL as your probably going to end up with an invasion of Japan, with huge losses to both sides. Especially since peace with Hitler is likely to remove most/all of the British empire from the combat. Even if Britain is allowed to and you suggest it would be under de-facto German control - it would have an higher priority in defending what it has left, including what it can of its independence.
Different attitudes toward different enemies. Again remember I'm American and have talked to relatives who served in the Pacific in WW2 or were civilians at the time who lost relatives in combat against Japan. I think you're taking both way too much of a modern view of the feelings against the Nazis (remember the Holocaust was only discovered just as the war was ending for the vast majority of the US public and army) and an Anglo-centric view of the primacy of Europe, as most American citizens (not leaders) saw the Pacific as the more important theater due to feelings of revenge, which polling backs up.
So if the fighting in Europe bogs down there isn't the moral outrage against the Nazis that came in 1945 when the camps were liberated. Instead remember that from 1942-45 the US government was in panic mode trying to propagandize their public to want to fight Germany, producing the 'Why We Fight' series and in 1944 having a group of writers work their asses off convincing the public through newspaper op eds about the horrors of the Nazis:

Also remember that FDR told the Jewish community to be quiet about what was happening to their relatives in Europe and refused to acknowledge rumors about the Holocaust despite knowing the details:

Apparently there was a real fear it would instill sympathy for the Nazis in America! People forget how common anti-semitism used to be.

Peace with Hitler doesn't necessarily mean peace with Japan, but if it did then Britain is effectively capitulating to Germany anyway.

I'll really worried by your suggested surrender terms as that's what they effectively are.
Let's be clear, they're not 'my' terms, just what I think Hitler/the Nazis would have demanded by 1943. I don't disagree that they would effectively be surrender terms, but if the Soviets are out and there is perhaps a failed Wallied invasion of France I'm not sure what choice Britain has, especially if the US is going to cut terms and L-L. I doubt the US would continue to fund the British economy, especially since it would be a basket case without continental European trade and all the debt they have built up even if L-L is forgiven.

Your planning not only to ditch at least two allies but also give up to the Germans and their European allies territories far beyond their reach as well as resources they can't otherwise obtain. Also how many Jews would you sell to Hitler as that's likely going to be a demand once he realised the US attitude under such circumstances? Not to mention are you going to insist that the governments in exile are to be handed over to the Nazis as well? Presuming of course that Hitler is willing to accept such terms. ;)
I'm not planning that, but simply stating what I think the terms that would be demanded by 1943 with the USSR defeated and perhaps a failed invasion of France by the Wallies. Again you're apparently misinterpreting this as what I want rather than what I simply think would happen if the scenario were to play out as described above. How many Jews would be sold? I doubt a single one would come from either the US or UK as Hitler genocide plans didn't really include any British Jews unless they had invaded and conquered the island AFAIK. I didn't say that they'd be forced to turn over governments in exile, but simply expel them as there wouldn't be the ability to force them to be turned over. I'm presuming that is what Hitler would have demanded BTW.

Hitler in some of his writings did present the US as the primary challenge due to its economic powerbase. Hence his desire for a matching continental sized power base. However the regime is deeply militaristic and aggressive so assuming there's going to be any lasting peace is I think a big if. Far more logically, for Washington as well as everybody else outside the fascist powers would be a peace settlement something on the basis of the status quo. Including some border for a rump Russian state and restricting the Nazis to continental Europe. Possibly after further fighting along the lines I suggest shows that the Germans can't expand further and are more likely to lose territory than gain it.
Primary economic challenge long term, hence the plan to colonize eastern Europe like the US colonized the American west for the reasons you mention. I think you're misinterpreting the regime's plans, which were militaristic with the end of gaining the continent and turning it into an economic bloc. I haven't seen any plans that after that Hitler wanted to conquer areas outside of Europe other than to get back WW1 colonies taken by France and Britain in a peace treaty. AFAIK the claims about Hitler wanting to conquer the world trace back to Allied propaganda from the war rather than any documents detailing such a plan. Absent such documents or other evidence there isn't a reason to assume Hitler planned more than skirmishing in the Urals area and managing a European empire.

Now if you do have sources that contradict this I would like to see them, because maybe there is something I simply do not know about.

As to a containment policy by the Allies...not sure how they could afford that. Britain was an economic vassal of the US by this point and was so broke, the empire was crumbling, the US public was more interested in fighting Japan and basing for further containment was not really an option. By the end of the war historically the US was close to bankrupt itself and couldn't sustain the British economy and war effort forever. Since the British economy in peacetime was based on trade with Europe more than anything it would have to make a deal with Hitler or economically collapse.
 
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ATP

Well-known member
I read "Wspomnienis wojenne" /my translation - war diaries/ by Karolina Lanckorońska,polish noblewoman.She lived under first soviet and germans,both tried to kill her,but important thing is that in occupied Lwów in beginning of 1942 she meet few friend,all including her despaired that germans must win - except economist,who said that after USA joined war Allies and soviet combined economies made surevictory in 1947-48.

And,If Hitler was not idiot,and USA do not get A bomb,he would be right.
So,additional oilfields only change - with Hitler as commander - means few months more fighting in Europe,maybe year.
Nothing change.
 

stevep

Well-known member
Its slow at work and I'm here all day, so have too much time to respond. Don't feel obligated to respond today or anything.

sillygoose

Apologies for the delay but had some access problems and only got back on-line today. Its getting late here and your got a long post while I would need to check back what I was saying so will try and get a reply to you tomorrow.

Steve
 

stevep

Well-known member
Its slow at work and I'm here all day, so have too much time to respond. Don't feel obligated to respond today or anything.

Did you start to write something here?

I suspect that I was having a senior moment and thinking I was addressing HL rather than you.:oops:

Agreed. You're right about the polling questions being important, but the question and a tracking polling of public opinion was done for years throughout the war, so I'd say they did it the fairest way possible to get a non-biased answer. @History Learner has a chart tracking public opinion he posted to another thread if you're interested.

Could do that.

To the top level of the government yes, but then what plans were there actually to project that power to attack the US before US entry? I'm not aware of any. All the plans I've heard about have been in the event of war with the US, even in the case of having the Plan Z fleet ready to go in 1948, rather than any plan to invade or try to conquer the US.
With that in mind even if Germany was a greater economic challenger in the near term (Japan would have been quite formidable in the long run if it won its war in Asia) Japan was the only one to attack the US military and soil unprovoked.

I'm working on the greater economic and technological potential that the German empire being proposed would have, since both were almost insanely aggressive.

From what I understand of the German system under Hitler it was basically a case that Hitler made decisions and then plans had to be made for their implication. There might have been more detailed war plans, such as the US colour plans, which would be logical given the military history of the Prussian/German army - although rather myopic in cases such as in 1914 - but not aware of any.


By the time the US had crippled the Japanese fleet at Midway Germany had even fewer means to threaten the US and their intel ops in Latin America were basically defeated. Only the U-boats were a threat and they almost exclusively focused on merchant shipping to Britain at that point.

Not just on shipping to Britain. Their 2nd happy time was basically on the US coastal traffic and shipping in the Caribbean because they had correctly realised/guessed it was largely undefended. True in themselves they aren't a threat to the US other than its commercial and overseas trade but in the medium term there are potential options even if the Germans are still as off-course as OTL with their nuclear programme.

I was thinking more of possible economic penetration given that they would be a lot more willing to encourage exports to German Europe than the US was to its own territory and also given the US's history of interference in Latin America.


The Slavic vote wasn't particularly large at that time nationally. It was regionally influential like around Chicago (where my Polish ancestors lived at the time), but even today it is a fraction of the German heritage population and most came after WW2 AFAIK. Don't forget that the Irish and Italian Americans were neutral or basically on the side of Germany to some degree (anti-British sentiment for the Irish and pro-Italy sentiment for the Italians obviously) until US entry into the war and Italy switched sides.

Are you sure about the Irish, other than a few hot heads and political figures? Especially after the bombing of Dublin?

Not sure how Big Business would have a choice in the matter regardless of happiness, but I would look into the massive amount of collusion between US corporations and Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. They'd have preferred to stay neutral and continue to make bank. Even Hollywood was more than willing to collaborate and censor itself for access to the German market. Also see the role of Standard Oil and IG Farben in getting Germany ready for WW2 and IBM's role in the Holocaust. If the history of corporations is any indication their only value is making money and they had pre-existing relationships with German corporations, up to an including cartels with IG Farben.

Yes in the short term Germany was happy with the existing US investments there but how likely is that to continue given the steady carving up of industry in the Reich and empire by assorted interest groups, of which Goring was the most notorious. Plus given the attitude of total control and seeking to weaken any enemies [which is anyone not under their control in the Nazi mentality.]


Did he say virtually unlimited production? I just read that as increased production and given historical performance rates of German industry and units in combat he does have a point. All I'm saying is that the Wallies needed the USSR to win total victory and knew it.

He did refer to unlimited oil. He's also repeatedly ignore actual limitations they did have and still would have. For instance in his mention of German plans for massive increases in air production which were "only canceled due to oil restrains." The regime may have declared that other assets were to be committed to such a programme but often didn't meet their targets in such plans. Also contrary to his arguments, such resources would have restricted other production as if those resources [skilled manpower, machine tools, engine production, steel etc] had been committed and somehow the oil had been found they wouldn't have been left standing unused for the rest of the war. As such if that programme had become practical and entered production it would have reduced resources for other activities as OTL. Ditto his insistence that there is no population, industry or raw materials in the Soviet Union east of the A-A line. Or that because the German army could live off the land in the food rich Ukraine it could just as easily do so in the severely food deficit northern core territories. I could mention others but those are the ones off the top of my head. Those are the basic reasons why I didn't respond to his post as he has proved so unreliable.

Actually there are ways of winning the war without the bulk of the Soviet resources, one of which we're both well aware of, although it wasn't clear at the time. ;) Plus given the knowledge at the time the need for the Soviets might have been unclear. For instance there was no eastern front in 1918 and Germany had a massive 'empire' but it still collapsed. The point however is that I dispute the idea that surrendering vast resources to Nazi Germany, most of which they can't get with any reasonable allied planning for defence is better than fighting on.


I'm just pointing out that naval construction consumed a lot more of German resources that is commonly thought.

Yes but given that while a dramatic force German armour was a relatively small proportion, in terms of production demand, of the total German armed forces. As such it can be misleading to the

The strategic bombing campaign was one of the biggest resource investments of both the US and UK during the war, so they did make enormous investments early on that only bore fruit from 1943 on. If you reduce investment in that you have a much weaker strategic bombing campaign and a much stronger German army, which offsets any gains you make if not results in actual gains on the German side, especially if they are primarily on the defensive.

If you reduce investment you also release massive resources for elsewhere. Also the big problem with the strategic bombers was like the armies in WWI they were often committed prematurely with insufficient support and organisation and then used rather erratically. As I understand it, as you say elsewhere, the main effect was after the landings in France, or more significantly the breakout across most of northern France started to dismantle the German early warning systems. I could see ways in which the strategic bombers could be used more efficiently, or largely allowed to lapse which would free up massive resources for the western powers - although the most obvious positive feedback loop, by winning the Atlantic battle earlier, was already largely a lost opportunity by 1942. It would also free up some German resources but given the largely ineffective bombing campaigns prior to 1944 - unless you accept Tooze's argument for a continued Ruhr campaign - I think the allies are the biggest winners here.

As to HL's argument and limited German resources...the point he is making is in reference to a scenario where Germany is not nearly as resource limited as it was IOTL. So he does have some valid points when discussing this ATL.

Yes they will be markedly less limited but there will still be limits. This is something that HL seems to refuse to accept, while also assuming that the allies are incapable of any improvement on their own performance. Germany was already largely maxed out in manpower because of their huge military commitment and that's unlikely to change much, if the allies maintain the war effort.

Sure loot was a major factor, but so was becoming much more organized and efficient as the war went on, something noted in US post-war economic research into the German economy, especially by the USSBS to determine how their economy was impacted by that huge investment in strategic bombing. They learned to do more with less probably better than anyone with some exceptions by the Soviets, though they arguably went too far in the cutting corners direction and got a lot of men killed in the process. That increase in efficiency as the war went on is a big deal if coupled with a defeated USSR and the resulting bonanza of resources that would come with one less front and more access to materials. Also remember IOTL the Germans made major investments in repairing Ukrainian industries and were just starting to enjoy the benefits of that when the Soviets overran (after what Stalin did I have a hard time saying 'liberated' in conjunction with the return of Soviet forces to) Ukraine.

From most of what I've read there wasn't a massive increase in efficency but rather more resources, especially forced labour which of course raises doubts about quality, and raw materials diverted from an already tight domestic market. Coupled with the growing encroachment by sectional interests in the party seeking more power and resources. There will be increases in total production, especially with longer access to resources from the east but its still limited and I can't see it matching the western allies who have much greater resources overall.


Not to start a major argument about that, but I think you were uncharitably assessing the argument HL was making there. He's not wrong that without the Soviets in the war and different German production priorities plus more Soviet resources their output would be higher than Britain's, which was only as high as it was due to the Soviets and US picking up so much of the burden of the ground and naval wars/merchant shipping needs. I get what you were saying, but just think it is a flawed argument in response to his point, that's all. I said why already. We can of course agree to disagree.


As I said I think he was making a misleading statement given the stress under which Britain was operating so a German empire that outproduces the UK isn't that impressive a statistic. That was my point.

My point was that if the US does that then their production drops substantially, because they're out of labor. They were maxed out in terms of manpower, leaving their factory workers as the only source of troops. Women are only a partial replacement as Germany found out; IIRC Tooze even mentions that when a bunch of women were effectively drafted into production mid-way through the war their utility was limited in industry and the women who were capable of harder industrial labor or higher skilled labor were already utilized. That was the same with the US and UK. So more combat troops means less equipment even if L-L is discontinued to the USSR, but then without that L-L there goes any sort of hope of the USSR tying down German troops in the East even in a rump state.

Does it need so much production if not supplying the Soviets with so much equipment? Or reassesing its plans and cutting wasteful efforts like the strategic bombing programme or the rival advances in the Far East? Also from what I read from Tooze women in Germany were a limited resource because so many, especially those for hard manual work were already tied up maintaining the inefficient small farms in the Reich. Plus your just referred that Germany can improve its efficiency but why can't the US, at least somewhat? Accept that Britain is pretty much maxed out already by this time.

Given historical internal discussions it seems like the US was more prepared to cut a deal or ignore Europe than go full Soviet style mobilization since politically that was utterly unacceptable. Even the mild rationing of OTL was causing concerns about public moral in 1944 in the US.

Are we talking about full scale Soviet mobilization? I was thinking ,more say about the level of Britain or probably a bit less?

You're right about sea transport, but even without any sort of uboat threat and the secession of naval escorts there still was a huge manpower/resource investment in the production, operation, maintenance, and loading/unloading of transports, not to mention rotation of ships and crew, distance issues for how far they had to travel, inland transport of materials around the massive US, plus shipping to neutral countries for resources (yes even the US needed stuff from abroad, including the uranium used in the Manhattan project, which came from the Belgian Congo). L-L did not include the massive infrastructure upgrades around the world to the tune of tens of billions of dollars. See just what was put into Iran and what the shipping times were to get there (hint 400% longer than to Britain from the US). If the Mediterranean is still closed to merchant shipping things are even worse.

Yes but its still something that was achieved OTL and it has advantages on the Germans trying to fight their way across the Caucasus Mtns with very long land supply lines through war torn territory. If the Med was opened, which I would consider the 2nd priority after securing suitable defensive positions then things get better.


The ME is actually closer to Axis resources (thanks to Italy) than the UK or US. Probably half the distance in fact vs the UK. That's not counting links to Greece or Bulgaria either or potential Turkish entry, which means then rail links from Europe directly into Asia/the ME. Inland transport is roughly as bad for the British as the Axis in Libya (the rail lines weren't extended to the Libyan border until after Rommel retreated for the final time in late 1942-early 1943 and then that was redundant as shipping could be directed to Tripoli. In Tunisia Axis transport to the Front and shipping from Italy was vastly shorter than the Allies so long as Malta wasn't a direct threat.

Closer as a very long ranged crow can fly but the maths are different for military units and supplies. As you say the allies are already expanding the transport network in Iran and they also have facilities nearby, in Egypt, Iraq and India. Its not just weapons and munitions that armies need but food, water, local transport, oil etc. As you say if and when the Germans get to the A-A line then stuff sent via Iran west of the Caspian is now impractical so that capacity can be used to support larger allied forces in the region, which could include remnants of Soviet units and locals as well as Wallies ones. In comparison the Germans have to extend land supply lines from Germany itself through Poland, Ukraine and the Ciscaucasus region to support attacks against defensive positions. [I'm thinking of a defence here less to keep the Baku region out of German hands than simply because it would seem to be the best defensive position given the Mtns. This would be forcing the Germans to attack under unfavourable circumstances and hence wearing down their resources favourably. They can try supply by sea but with allied bases in Georgia such routes would be very vulnerable to air attack.

A German invasion of Turkey - as I can't see the Turks willingly abandoning neutrality - would be a threat but eastern Anatolia has some very rugged terrain and the Taurus Mtns are historically famous as a defensive position so again it shouldn't be impossible to get a defensive position here and the Germans again have an unfavourable military position. Plus they have millions of hostile Turks who will be an additional burden to maintain control of.

The rail lines couldn't be extended beyond El Alamein until Rommel was defeated but as you say the killing factor here was the landings in NW Africa that enabled a much more logistically capable advance toward Tunisia. Yes the Axis did have much shorter supply lines from Italy once they had occupied Tunisia, which is why its argued an opportunity was missed in not landing there at the same time as further west. Even so and without Malta once the allies had reached the Tunisian border it was possible to exert pressure on those supply lines. If you take Tunisia quickly of course allied losses are less as the Germans don't have time to rush forces into Tunisia but it also clear N Africa quicker and your still likely to have a sizeable catch from the forces retreating from El Alamein as their unlikely to be evacuated from Tripoli say.


The Wallies continuing LL to the rump USSR would be simply keeping them alive given the food situation, which HL more than decisively proved with quotes from the book I recommended to you about the food situation in Russia.

Yes but if the US supplies food and some oil that means they survive and can use their own industrial resources to keep fighting. Not at anything like the level of OTL once the core regions of north/central European Russia are lost but enough to maintain some forces that can at least provide some defence of the Urals and possibly later a counter attack option.

Not sure of the population of Siberia at the time but IIRC it reached about 60 million people by the time the Soviet empire collapsed. Then there are the Ural region and Central Asia. Even if you say there are only ~40-50M people here, with their substantial resources base and a lot of industry that's going to be some military potential. Also if the Soviets - or what could be a successor state in this scenario - stop mass production of cotton in Central Asia it could produce a lot more food itself. This isn't going to defeat the German army but is going to be another drain on its resources. They wouldn't have a fair amount of the equipment they got OTL such as the trucks for transportation of forces and supplies but they will have some defence ability to keep them in the war.


And yes occupied populations in conquered Russia would starve due to Nazi policies and those who did not would feed themselves, but be preoccupied with survival rather than resistance.

Would there be much difference between survival and resistance? Given the Germans in the region, whether occupying or garrisoning later would very likely be looking to loot, if not kill any survivors they come across. As such those survivors are going to be trying to keep a low profile in many cases but will have to kill where they can. There are huge tracks of forest and marsh in the region where such survival and resistance is going to be difficult to totally suppress. Again not going to be a decisive impact on itself but occupation duties aren't going to be easy for the German forces in this region. Links like railways are going to be a serious problem to protect. Are you aware of the story of the Bielski_partisans for instance? I only knew if from the film of the affair but there are opportunities for survival of such groups and some sabotage/partisan activity.


As to the Iran route, the only option was to ship from Northern Iran via the Caspian Sea to the mouth of the Ural river, but if the Germans get the A-A line then they can interdict all shipping to that port. So yeah, you're pretty much down to the Vladivostok route if you want to guarantee supplies arrive, but that was hard to increase supplies into due to the distance and need to flag it as Soviet shipping with Soviet crews.

Ah I thought there were land rail links as well, either side of the Caspian. If not and unless some track could be laid to the east then its the route is only available to support allied forces in the region.


How many? I think only 4 Indian ones and the rest served in Asia. A lot of the 50 divisions also just stayed in Africa, the ME, or Asia, including all the African ones. The ANZACs of course were in Europe. The Canadians were there true, but since they didn't have conscription they were pretty understrength and worn out by 1944. Japan's entry is not something to be ignored, especially as it sucked in not just the Aussies, but a number of British divisions as well.

Off hand I don't know. I could check and will try and do so later today. Got John Ellis's "The WWII Databook" which should have the details. Yes the Japanese attacks on the western powers did suck in a lot of resources, including all the ANZAC forces IIRC as well as a lot of British ones. Of course priorities could change, although getting more Indians or any ANZACs out of the theatre before the Japanese threat was removed would be politically awkward but isn't impossible. However will try and present my proposed alternative approach in a separate post later - as this one is already way too long - and its likely it would lead to less Wallies losses than OTL.

Oh this is a major interest of mine.

Not in the same way; the Germans adopted new technologies like the assault rifle and panzerfaust, while the Wallies largely kept their exact same weapons they started the war with, though more BARs were adopted in US squads (which just was including in doctrine/TOE what had already been done on the ground quickly into the war by US troops without permission. Certainly more weapons were added, but the US keeping its divisions up to strength meant things like the reduced ratios of artillery to infantry were not achieved as they were in the German and Soviet armies. So effectively other than small tweeks at the tactical level (which weren't nearly as large as the gain that came with the adoption of new categories of weapons like the assault rifle or a 2nd MG42) US the main source of firepower in an infantry division/corps/army stayed the same throughout the war.

The Soviets and Germans had realized more men per artillery piece was worse than more artillery support per man and structured their divisions accordingly as the war went on, even if it meant reduced endurance compared to full strength early war division structures. That ended up allowing new and partially trained and in some cases worn down Volksgrenadier divisions of 10,000 men or so to defeat or at least stand up to full strength new and even in some cases veteran US infantry divisions which theoretically were much stronger in Hurtgen, along the Siegfried line, and during the Battle of the Bulge in 1944-45.

Credit for that innovation goes to the Soviets who started that in 1941 after their defeats and found it worked so well, especially when coupled with SMGs issued en masse, that they were using a refined version of that structure in 1945 still and the Germans effectively copied with the VG divisions and the 1944 division structure. Before you say that was a necessity due to manpower losses, both sides decided that more under-strength divisions were better than fewer full strength ones despite the option to disband small units.

Interesting but according to most sources I've come across the main reason why so many German forces were often grossly under strength was sheer lack of manpower, plus the decision - which seems to have been pushed by Hitler despite opposition in the army - to create new units rather than bring shattered ones up to full strength. Which of course also means that the new units lack a core of more experienced men and hence are more vulnerable to losses in combat.

The factor you mention, more firepower to replace men, is something that should at least be know by the western powers as Britain and I think France were using it in 1917-18. Also that's probably more important when your on the defensive. For instance in the Hurtgen forest battle the Germans were able to make more use of defensive terrain and hold out effectively but when they latter tried to attack to regain lost ground they were largely annihilated, from what I remember reading.

Also are you saying that the Germans had more artillery per unit than wallies ones or simply that their artillery deficiency compared to allied units was less than for infantry.


Historically were the Soviets to collapse Wallied planning was to immediately invade France to get a toe hold before it became impossible due to German reinforcement from the East. That would have gone about as well as you'd expect in 1942 or 43.
So saying they'd try the Mediterranean strategy ITTL is ignoring what we know of their historical contingency plans and what they'd do if the Soviets dropped out, which is avoid Europe until Japan is defeated and see what they could do then...assuming the public would tolerate that. Britain was rather desperate to do something in the 1941-43 period to keep the public invested in the war; if they wanted out though the Wallied war effort is in trouble.

As I understand it that was the plans of the US army but it was never a viable option. Such forces would have to operate from Britain and in 42 would have to be mainly British as I understand it. Given it was a clear suicide mission I can't see any way even Churchill, who was notoriously aggressive to the point of recklessness often would have accepted it.

To be fair according to one source I read - library book a few years back - it wasn't initially the idea of the US army. The Soviets had sent one of their diplomats to Britain and America to try and get a 2nd front on 42. Britain made clear this was impossible and the US military was taking the same stance until Roosevelt intervened and pressurised them into declaring they would look into it. The Soviets then immediately declared that the allies had promised a 2nd front, which caused no end of confusion and problems especially since initial British inquires as to where this statement came from received no reply from Washington. As such that was probably only a token gesture dictated for political reasons.

As your said yourself such an attack would be doomed to failure. Even apart from the lack of amphibious capacity or experience if a foothold was established there's no way in 42 it could be maintained given how exposed Britain's supply lines were at this stage and it would be a killing ground for the allies trying to supply the landings, especially given the proposed Soviet collapse. If the allies can't afford to fight on peripherally regions where they have logistic advantages they definitely can't maintain a small pocket so close to Germany logistically.

Wallied invasion of the Caucasus area is out, the logistics just aren't there for the Wallies, so they planned on just bombing the oil fields to deny them to the Germans and screen any attempted attack against Iran.

Given local production of some needed materials and the infrastructure in place/under construction for L-L supplies that is now redundant I think this should be a possibility. If not then falling back into N Iran would be an option although the defensive position would be weaker. Don't forget it wouldn't be an invasion and as such not opposed but a move in the event of the impending collapse of Soviet collapse in the region.

Agree for operations against the oilfields although suspect the Soviets are unlikely to leave much before they fell so it would be a case of seeking to impede German attempts to rebuild anything.


Unfortunately, though your scenario is theoretically viable with hindsight we know from all the planning documents that have been released that that was absolutely not the strategy the Wallies would have taken in this scenario.

Its not the strategy that the US military was supporting but given the drastically different circumstances its a possible one.

Not sure what US troop attitudes in 1945 after fighting Germany to defeat have to do with this scenario. Very different situations. They didn't want to go fight another war after having won theirs, very different from not being able to invade Europe in 1943 and beyond and instead focusing on Japan. Also remember the war in Europe inflicted over 300% more casualties than the war in Japan, so though the fighting from 1944-45 was less than 1 year it was also the bloodiest, especially the period from October 1944-March 1945. So no wonder the survivors of Europe weren't keen on going to invade Japan proper, which was estimated to likely have inflicted 500,000+ losses on the US.

My point was there was great resentment to fighting the war against Japan in the US army despite the hostility towards Japan your mentioning. I have seen it argued elsewhere that the US invasion of Japan would have failed and this would have prompted peace talks.

My point is also that the proposed alternative option would also as it turned out probably cut a lot of those allied losses in W Europe as well although that would be an unintended bonus of it.

Different attitudes toward different enemies. Again remember I'm American and have talked to relatives who served in the Pacific in WW2 or were civilians at the time who lost relatives in combat against Japan. I think you're taking both way too much of a modern view of the feelings against the Nazis (remember the Holocaust was only discovered just as the war was ending for the vast majority of the US public and army) and an Anglo-centric view of the primacy of Europe, as most American citizens (not leaders) saw the Pacific as the more important theater due to feelings of revenge, which polling backs up.
So if the fighting in Europe bogs down there isn't the moral outrage against the Nazis that came in 1945 when the camps were liberated. Instead remember that from 1942-45 the US government was in panic mode trying to propagandize their public to want to fight Germany, producing the 'Why We Fight' series and in 1944 having a group of writers work their asses off convincing the public through newspaper op eds about the horrors of the Nazis:

We're all limited by our background to a greater or lesser degree but I don't think you realise how bad such a deal would be for the US as well as the rest of the world. Will have a look at the links your posted above and below.


Also remember that FDR told the Jewish community to be quiet about what was happening to their relatives in Europe and refused to acknowledge rumors about the Holocaust despite knowing the details:

Apparently there was a real fear it would instill sympathy for the Nazis in America! People forget how common anti-semitism used to be.

I have read that one of the prime factors was that it wouldn't be believed given the WWI propaganda about using corpses to supply materials in Germany. There was substantial anti-Semitic feeling in the US as well but as I say I will look at that source a bit later.

Peace with Hitler doesn't necessarily mean peace with Japan, but if it did then Britain is effectively capitulating to Germany anyway.

No it doesn't unless Hitler decides on it which he might. However a bad peace with Hitler would also negatively affect the war against Japan, both by hardening Japanese feelings that the US will give up if they continue fighting and which is likely to mean less resources for the US in the Pacific war.

Let's be clear, they're not 'my' terms, just what I think Hitler/the Nazis would have demanded by 1943. I don't disagree that they would effectively be surrender terms, but if the Soviets are out and there is perhaps a failed Wallied invasion of France I'm not sure what choice Britain has, especially if the US is going to cut terms and L-L. I doubt the US would continue to fund the British economy, especially since it would be a basket case without continental European trade and all the debt they have built up even if L-L is forgiven.

I'm not planning that, but simply stating what I think the terms that would be demanded by 1943 with the USSR defeated and perhaps a failed invasion of France by the Wallies. Again you're apparently misinterpreting this as what I want rather than what I simply think would happen if the scenario were to play out as described above. How many Jews would be sold? I doubt a single one would come from either the US or UK as Hitler genocide plans didn't really include any British Jews unless they had invaded and conquered the island AFAIK. I didn't say that they'd be forced to turn over governments in exile, but simply expel them as there wouldn't be the ability to force them to be turned over. I'm presuming that is what Hitler would have demanded BTW.

OK apologies for the mis-understanding. I accept that their the sort of terms you think the US would accept rather than continue fighting. However as I said above they would be hugely costly for the US as well as everybody else.

If the US did decide to make peace then Britain would be forced to do likewise. 3+ years of warfare plus the pressure from the US to strip Britain of assets makes continuing it impossible. It's just that deciding to dump Britain, the Soviets and other allies would be very bad for the US.

If governments in exile are driven from the UK and not allowed in the US or probably any allied nation then where would they go. If the US accepts the German puppet states and returns colonies [other than those already occupied by the Japanese] that means places like Iceland and the French Caribbean colonies are in the hands of German puppets.

I will sat more later as been writing this for ~2 hours so will break for lunch.



Primary economic challenge long term, hence the plan to colonize eastern Europe like the US colonized the American west for the reasons you mention. I think you're misinterpreting the regime's plans, which were militaristic with the end of gaining the continent and turning it into an economic bloc. I haven't seen any plans that after that Hitler wanted to conquer areas outside of Europe other than to get back WW1 colonies taken by France and Britain in a peace treaty. AFAIK the claims about Hitler wanting to conquer the world trace back to Allied propaganda from the war rather than any documents detailing such a plan. Absent such documents or other evidence there isn't a reason to assume Hitler planned more than skirmishing in the Urals area and managing a European empire.

Now if you do have sources that contradict this I would like to see them, because maybe there is something I simply do not know about.

I think you fail to understand the mentality of the regime. Like Imperial Germany before it but even more so it was extremely militarily orientated. In both cases I think the primary drive for such a European empire was not to complete economically with the US but to be able to wage war without the economic restricts that occurred OTL. If you consider the anti-American rhetoric that Hitler repeatedly produced and also they they considered any rival as a potential threat then I think any idea there's going to be a lasting peace is way off the mark. Your presumably familiar with the old saying about the Soviets that when the only tool your got is a sledgehammer you see every problem as a nail? With the Nazis the only tool they favoured was the gun - although deceit was used when they were weak.

After all they signed a 10 year non-Agression Pact with Poland in Jan 34, at Munich Hilter publically declared he had no further claims and in Aug 39 they signed the agreement with the Soviets. I think that anyone who presumes that the Nazis were willing to make a 180 degree change in direction are fooling themselves. No rational person would want any further war but by any consideration we consider in the modern west they were not rational.


As to a containment policy by the Allies...not sure how they could afford that. Britain was an economic vassal of the US by this point and was so broke, the empire was crumbling, the US public was more interested in fighting Japan and basing for further containment was not really an option. By the end of the war historically the US was close to bankrupt itself and couldn't sustain the British economy and war effort forever. Since the British economy in peacetime was based on trade with Europe more than anything it would have to make a deal with Hitler or economically collapse.

Yes Britain was reduced to an economic vassal but its still a valuable one so foolish to give it away. Ditto with other powers. The empire would have gone either way, due to forces beyond Britain's economic strength. The US was the richest country in the world in 45 so hard to see how it was close to bankruptcy. Especially since your suggested the US paying reparations to Germany!

Britain if it survived such a peace as an independent state would have serious problems, especially as it would have to maintain substantial military forces. It had had to cut foreign trade during the war but could have resumed a lot of that with peace since much of that was outside the continent. It would of course have to come to terms with Japan which would also mean India does likewise and probably the dominions. With neither western or Soviet support that also makes things even more dire for the KMT in China.

Anyway as I say I will have more on this later.

Steve[/QUOTE]
 

stevep

Well-known member
Different attitudes toward different enemies. Again remember I'm American and have talked to relatives who served in the Pacific in WW2 or were civilians at the time who lost relatives in combat against Japan. I think you're taking both way too much of a modern view of the feelings against the Nazis (remember the Holocaust was only discovered just as the war was ending for the vast majority of the US public and army) and an Anglo-centric view of the primacy of Europe, as most American citizens (not leaders) saw the Pacific as the more important theater due to feelings of revenge, which polling backs up.
So if the fighting in Europe bogs down there isn't the moral outrage against the Nazis that came in 1945 when the camps were liberated. Instead remember that from 1942-45 the US government was in panic mode trying to propagandize their public to want to fight Germany, producing the 'Why We Fight' series and in 1944 having a group of writers work their asses off convincing the public through newspaper op eds about the horrors of the Nazis:

Also remember that FDR told the Jewish community to be quiet about what was happening to their relatives in Europe and refused to acknowledge rumors about the Holocaust despite knowing the details:

Sillygoose

Had a quick look at those two links:
a) The 1st one refers to an organisation that presented a distinctly anti-German viewpoint. It gives no mention of this being sponsored or orgainised by the government. Not saying it wasn't or that FDR didn't welcome its existence and actions. As such it could be seen as a sign of strong hostility towards Germany and the Nazis as easily as a sign of a strong desire to fight a pro-peace movement.

Also I notice the organisation was still active in 1947 which would suggest it had its own momentum rather than being something created by the government in 1944 to counter pro-peace sentiments.

PS On this I forgot to mention in my previous post that an exchange or two back you did say that the willingness to accept some sort of peace settlement was with the German army, NOT Hitler. Of course in this scenario Hitler is definitely still in charge so that would be an issue.

b) I have a jstor account - albeit I rarely use it. However its a personal one so when logged in I don't see any more than what the basic link provided. Which are a number of snippets from the book. It does suggest that Roosevelt was a distinctly shady character and I have seen evidence of his duplicity elsewhere - including in that reference to how the details for a 42 landing was to occur. He may well have been antisemitic himself or simply not considered the Jewish vote prominent enough. However without more knowledge its difficult to tell and not sure whether it makes much difference to the points we're discussion.

Further to that book I mentioned, the main argument of it was how Churchill was constrained by internal opposition, both inside the UK and among the allies. I was uncertain how bias or not it was at the time but checking the wiki entry for Operation_Sledgehammer that suggests it was the US army that supported the operation and it was eventually a political decision by Roosevelt to accept it wasn't practical.

This also mentioned that in autumn 42 there would only be 2-3 US divisions sufficiently trained in the UK for such an operation so it would be an overwhelmingly British event. That is markedly less than I thought so there is less fat, at least on the US side, for diversion to a fighting front such as the Caucasus region. :( Possibly the UK could supply more forces in the short term until the US built up its forces.

Anyway a quick reply on those two links.

Steve
 

stevep

Well-known member
Sillygoose

Me again ;) In terms of what I was concluding as an alternative strategy to try and clarify its a secure position, hold and where and when possible try and fight the Axis when the conditions are favourable. Working with the basis that the additional oil available in this area would make a more successful Case Blue that would avoid the OTL defeat at Stalingrad and maintain possession of much of the region between the Don and Volga south of the city towards the Caucasus. Following on from this that this makes the core Russian territories west of the Volga indefensible due to dire food shortages and lead to their latter occupation by the Germans, albeit with some fighting and in 43.

What I propose, once its realised that Operation Sledgehammer is impossible and the size of the Soviet collapse - which may not be for some time into 43 for either the west or the Germans:
a) Do what is possible to maintain some rump Russian military capacity. I specify Russian rather than Soviet here as its likely that the loss of the bulk of the population would be likely to lead to regime collapse. Its unclear whether any rump Soviet state would maintain power or some non-communist alternative or chaotic civil war, albeit that the last option would be the worst. However allied support would be a useful influence here while details coming out of the massive deaths in the heartlands is likely to make any political settlement with the Nazis impossible, at least as long as there's support from the west.
I expect that for most of the following period this would require L-L being overwhelmingly food and oil to maintain the population and military capacity while forces would have to rely on local production which should be substantial with the raw materials and industry capacity in the region albeit limited in a number of areas. For instance there won't be the large number of Strubakers [sp?] so troop mobility would be very limited. Its possible that as well as routes via the Pacific we could get a rail link via Iran to supplement this. As I said in my previous post I thought there was such a capacity but you said that links east of Baku were by sea which would be very vulnerable with the Germans established on the western shore of the Caspian.

Note that I'm not assuming additional L-L to the Soviets. More that the resources sent by the Pacific route be redirected towards non-military equipment. [Checking the wiki article that says that only non-military resources were sent this way]. Plus possibly some stuff via the Iran route. There would actually be a release of allied resources once the Russian front collapses as that negates the need for the Arctic convoys, which also posed a burden in terms of the warships to escort the convoys given the threat from German forces in Norway. There's also less/no L-L via Iran although shipping would be used instead to send forces and them maintain them with materials that can't be produced locally.

The basic aim is to maintain an eastern front, albeit with little/no offensive capacity in the short term. If the Germans make a major effort to the Urals they can probably take at least some of them but it would need a substantial effort due to the logistical restraints and if necessary Russian forces can retreat eastwards if required. Which would lose them a good chunk of their industry but maintain them as a force in being.

b) To clear N Africa as OTL or preferably before. Could achieve the latter by landing in Tunisia as well as Algeria as the British wanted. This would reduce the total 'bag' of Axis forces and they wouldn't suffer the heavy air and transport losses they did OTL but would still gain the Italian and German forces operating with Rommel and would establish control of the south shore of the Med. Basically this would also more quickly free up the veteran British forces operating from Egypt.

c) To establish a defensive position south of the Caucasus Mt. which would give a foothold in the region and protect the ME from the north. Hopefully drawing in attacks from the Germans and take some pressure off the Russians. Given the terrain this should be very defendable. Also its straining German logistics because of the very long supply lines back to German production centres. Possibly if the strategic bombing campaign is largely dropped some heavy bombers based here could also seek to operate against attempts to rebuild oil centres further north. Holding the mountain line also gives bases in Georgia which would hinder German use of the Black Sea, which would prevent them using that to reduce their logistical strain.

d) Its possible that German might try an invasion of Turkey but that would involve heavy fighting and while shorter still a long supply line through fairly undeveloped terrain and some very useful defensive positions in eastern Anatolia. This would be an additional burden to both sides.

e) I would intend that the allies try to gain at least Sicily and then later Sardinia which would largely open up convoys through the Med, greatly shortening logistics to the ME front. Also for any L-L that goes through eastern Iran if that route is developed. Those would have to be escorted convoys with air support from allied controlled lands but this would probably still be more efficient than shipping supplies around Africa.

Ideally also follow up with the occupation of southern Italy if practical, especially the airfields around Foggia. That provides defence in depth for the position in the central Med and also opportunities to more easily aid partisans in the Balkans as well as capacity for air attacks on N Italy and Ploesti among other targets. Assuming as suggested by others access to the Matzen and Schoonebeek oilfields means that the Germans don't put massive investments into oil synthisation Ploesti will still be important.

Its also likely, even with the greater German success in the east, that such moves would led to the overthrow of Mussolini as OTL. Which at the very least is likely to remove Italy as a source of any real military manpower for the Axis and might as OTL see a number of defections.

Once we have those positions then dig in and let the Germans try and drive us out. With control of the sea and almost certainly the air their not going to have much success. However as I say simply taking Sicily and Sardinia would make a route through the Med at least an option to continue and could knock Italy out of the war.

f) I would also like to see an invasion of Greece for similar reasons. You have substantial partisan/local support and its a difficult location for the Germans to reach quickly with reinforcements. Plus again its going to open up options for attacking Ploesti and for removing/weakening German support among its minor allies.

From that point its impossible to tell how things might go and there is a fair number of uncertainties above - with one very likely exception*. We can save a lot of resources by:
i) Not wasting effort supporting a massive US army presence in Britain which especially in 42/43 was a considerable drain on Britain.
ii) Possibly reducing or stopping the bomber offensive, at least until there is a sizeable force for a real impact.
iii) Only having one avenue of advance in the Pacific/Far East rather than two. This would save a huge amount of resources and especially if the SE Asian route was prioritized could be advanced faster as the Pacific one required waiting until a huge naval and amphibious capacity was produced.
iv) As I've pointed out above the collapse of the Soviet Union will release a fair amount of resources as well, both in terms of material not sent to the Soviets and the reduced shipping required by the Arctic route and possibly the Iran route.

* - I said there was one other probably event. That would be the production of nuclear weapons which would totally change the balance of the war. True this isn't something the wallies will know in 42/43 but there is no doubt under those circumstances that it will continue. As such, at least in Europe they will likely win the war with markedly less military losses than OTL because the very expensive offensive campaigns in western Europe OTL will be avoided. Instead its fighting on the periphery with smash and grab tactics then defending. True its going to be a vastly different Europe with Russia depopulated, possibly other parts of Europe as well as probably multiple nukes being needed on Germany.

This should be a fairly obvious set of options as its what Britain has a long history of when fighting continental opponents and also it has some parallels with the rebel tactics during the ARW.

Its 4:30 here so I will take a break and look at the other sites I spend time on. Also may have a gaming session tonight with a mate. If not will also try and put my argument why the suggested peace would be bad for the US. Breaking things down into three posts today as their long enough as it is.

Steve
 

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