Here's an interesting AHC for you: Have an alternate rogue state (other than Serbia) in Europe in the pre-WWI era? In real life, we had a regicide in Serbia in 1903 and then Serbia's intelligence agency planning Franz Ferdinand's assassination in 1914, albeit without the approval of the central Serbian government. Also, the Ottoman Empire doesn't count for this since only a small part of it was in Europe, with most of it being in Asia. Obviously it was a rogue state due to the Hamidian massacres and whatnot, but again, it wasn't really all that European and that doesn't actually count for this.
Anyway, which alternative European country would be most likely to fit the role of a rogue state in the pre-WWI era? Any thoughts on this? Obviously Bolshevik Russia was a rogue state post-WWI, but again, I'm talking about the pre-WWI era here. Maybe one way to make Tsarist Russia qualify for this would be if, in addition to persecuting its Jews and dissidents, it aggressively hunted down and murdered them abroad just like Vladimir Putin is currently doing in real life. Ironically, though, such an approach might very well actually be better for Russia long-term relative to its real-life fate if Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, et cetera are all murdered abroad by the Russian Tsarist regime. How ironic!
Anyway, which alternative European country would be most likely to fit the role of a rogue state in the pre-WWI era? Any thoughts on this? Obviously Bolshevik Russia was a rogue state post-WWI, but again, I'm talking about the pre-WWI era here. Maybe one way to make Tsarist Russia qualify for this would be if, in addition to persecuting its Jews and dissidents, it aggressively hunted down and murdered them abroad just like Vladimir Putin is currently doing in real life. Ironically, though, such an approach might very well actually be better for Russia long-term relative to its real-life fate if Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, et cetera are all murdered abroad by the Russian Tsarist regime. How ironic!