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Oh, definitely. That is indeed true. In fact, the entire reason for Byzantine loss of Anatolia post-Manzikert is the fact that the Emperor Constantine IX had disbanded the "Iberian Army" in 1053., which at that point also included the kingdom of Ani. This move was a direct consequence of the...

Actually, Venice already gained some privileges in 9th century in exchange for naval assistance. That is indeed possible - but ideologically, Monophysitism will be much less dangerous as a) it is not inherently expansionist and b) there is still Persia to consider. Socioeconomic balance -...

Basically, the constant threat. Byzantium after 7th century was very much a garrison state, with a consequence that it almost entirely abandoned foreign trade. This then opened the path for the West, and between Byzantium's necessary focus on defense and various trade concessions given in...

Definitely. But that crippling internal decay was very much a consequence of the external conditions - conditions which, in proposed scenario, will not have existed. I have never proposed that a revived Roman Empire would emerge. It is indeed possible that Justinian's conquests could have been...

"Dark ages" are a lie anyway. In fact, the largest European religious conflict - the Thirty Years' War - was a direct consequence of reduced religious and moral authority of the Church, which led to Church splitting and then... In fact, no Islamic conquest means: Byzantine Empire survives in...