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East of the Elbe Germany had serfdom - Prussia until 1807 or so, Sany - IIRC - 1832. Austria was patchy - some areas had it, some not. I think the core usrtrian lands did not have it - but Galicia and Hungary did, up to the 1840s. BTW - some of those middle/upper class Poles could had been from...

The Poles of richer background owned serfs until 1807. They'd not find slavery particularly offending - so much like good old days back home ...

My knowledge comes from reading the Polish wiki yesterday :) In school I was NOT told that ... According to quickly googled Polish sources (suspect by default, as this is part of Polish National Mythos), some 50k left the country, but c.9k reached France etc., the rest going home. I've also...

They had military experience, up to commanding more troops than Mexico had. Money? Not so much ... I was focusing on the Great Emigration, on the people who left the country after the fall of the rebellion. That's what you asked about. By spring 1832 90% - the lower classes, the rank and file...

The number of emigres who reached the "west" in 1832 is about 6000. Professional troublemakers, plotters and subversives, similar to that well known international terrorist Garibaldi. If you want "normal" people to settle Texan steppes you have to move quickly, autumn/winter of 1831. Then you'd...