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Technically, it does. There's a specific classification authority that usually resides at a command level, and is based on precedence and threat analysis. They determine the specific criteria for classification of categories of information, which is then documented into classification guides...

Leading up to the Snowden/Manning debacles, there was a big push to review/declassify stuff that had been essentially lazily marked with release info of //NOFORN/X50, but that pretty much stalled right out in the face of the spillages. As Zach said, if you're really interested, you can do a FOIA...