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As I wrote above, around 1929. Specifically in early 1929 according to this article: https://faculty.fiu.edu/~revellk/pad3802/Ngai.pdf It's worth reading. It talks about this process as well as how these quotas were calculated. Initially Britain got an even larger proposed immigration quota...

One could, of course, also base quotas on Asian groups' share of the total US population, in which case their share of the quotas would be even smaller since out of the total US population, much less than 1% was Asian. In real life, the US shifted its quotas from the 1890 US census to the...

24 years later, to be more specific. And Yeah, SCOTUS was sure as Hell slow as fuck with this, unfortunately. :(

Yeah, in response to the Guinn ruling, Oklahoma said that anyone who was registered to vote before this ruling was automatically registered to vote but that everyone else had just a two-week window to sign up to vote before they would be permanently prohibited from doing so. Of course, what...

@raharris1973 In regards to immigration, it's quite fascinating: The US was considerably more anti-immigration relative to Canada in the mid-20th century based on their immigrant percentages: The US's immigrant percentage dipped to just below 5% in 1970 before rising again. In contrast...

Grandfather clauses actually were declared unconstitutional by SCOTUS in 1915: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinn_v._United_States#:~:text=United%20States%2C%20238%20U.S.%20347,voting%20rights%20to%20be%20unconstitutional

You can also type in: 10.2307/40972243 On the Sci-Hub website: https://sci-hub.se/ In the spot where it says "enter your reference" and then click the "open" button to the right.

Done. :) Did you get it?

FWIW, this article is really useful in talking about the evolution of the US's immigration quota system: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40972243 You can find its full text for free on LibGen. Basically, immigration quotas by nationality began being proposed in the early 1910s, albeit initially...

BTW, interesting fact: The Second Great Migration (1940-1970) was more intense than the First Great Migration (1910-1940): Apparently the development of an effective cotton-picking machine might have had something to do with the greater intensity of the Second Great Migration...

What I find interesting is that support for a literacy test remained constant between 1913 and 1915 (almost two-thirds of both houses of the US Congress) even though WWI broke out since then and then increased by a bit by 1917, thus making its passage possible over President Wilson's veto. I...

In real life, the US went from a literacy test in 1917 to national origin quotas in 1921. So, in just four years. Here, the process might take, say, 10 or 15 or 20 years rather than just four years. And Yes, increasing literacy in southern and eastern Europe might have been a part of the reason...

I don't think that avoiding the Great War would have permanently prevented US immigration restrictionism. Delayed it, possibly, but not permanently prevented it. The Dillingham Commission report against immigration from southern and eastern Europe was published in the early 1910s, a literacy...

A lot of black people live on the Caribbean islands.

Those things would help but the thing is that blacks would still be severely mistreated in the Southern US due to forced segregation, anti-miscegenation laws, occasional lynchings, et cetera. Unless you also intend to make Southern racial attitudes much more progressive earlier, but I think that...

Another radical solution for this problem, but one that's more difficult due to the sheer difficulty of the US constitutional amendment process: Pass a new US constitutional amendment that allows US states to restrict internal migration, including by race. The South could endorse this as a way...

This seems like your best bet here. The challenge, of course, is how to delay this by more than one or two decades at the very most. Even in 1917, the US Congress passed a literacy test over Woodrow Wilson's veto, and it was already foreseeable even back then that there would be more where that...