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Those were Roman ships. They weren't Pheonicean/Carthiganian. Roman engineering was basically "fuck you we can do this". If a Roman general needed to oh, I don't know, take a legion to a place which wasn't connected to where he was by a road there would be newly constructed road when his legion...

800 tons is well past what they could have built. Viking longships displaced about 20 tons, had one mast, one sail, and no rudder. They actually are seaworthy enough for an Atlantic voyage.

An ancient mediterranian oared galley needed to be beached practically every evening so it could somewhat dry out because their hulls weren't waterproof and leaked like a seive. A Pheonician attempting to cross the Atlantic in one of those was committing "Suicide by Yam".

I'm pretty sure they didn't. Figuring out where you are using a just a clock and the sunrise equation requires knowing how to calculate square roots and cosines by hand and doing it. Yeah, that's just HS Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonemtry. That's also at least a year away from Calculus.

As @Skallagrim pointed out, the ships of the period were not suitable for long distance open ocean travel, let alone the North Atlantic. The Polynesians did colonize pretty much everywhere in the Pacific with a natural fresh water source. The Pacific is also much calmer - hence the name - and...