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Hmm, maybe there is a chance that for the next few centuries, Lithuania is ‘the stronger sister’, still at full size, intermarium from Baltic to Black Sea, - nice alliances with Swedes (or Danes), Prussians, Dutch, either French or English, Ottomans. Poland is “weak sister”, szlachta mob rule...

How long could a Calvinist ruled, mainly Orthodox at the grassroots and hinterlands, Lithuania, extending from the Baltic through Belarus to Ukraine, from 1572 onward, separated from Poland, allied to Sweden and at odds with Poland and Muscovy last at its full territorial size? It seems ripe to...

Why would such a succession change, or a religious change, make Poland and Lithuania stay separate, or go separate? Do you mean here the two would be tied, but *only* by monarchical personal union, not internal constitutional mechanisms as they were by the 1569 Union of Lublin (why?), or that...

Calvinism did end up with a wide real-world following, thanks to America and the Anglosphere, but there is something correct to what you are saying. The German Princes, and Dukes and Prince-Electors who became Protestant, and the Scandinavian Kings, became Lutheran, not Calvinist. Two of the...

Here's the challenge - how could we significantly weaken the Counter-Reformation. Possibly, as part of this, forestalling Ignatius Loya's creation of the Jesuit order and all its skilled organizational, missionary, and educational work. How much further does Protestantism spread, and dominate in...