Plausibility check - No Mongol conquests = Precocious Vladimirian Rus space-filling Eurasian empire by mid-1500s?

raharris1973

Well-known member
From repeated discussions of medieval Russian history and 'no Mongol invasion' proposals I have heard a couple things from Russia mavens. #1 That even prior to the Mongol invasions, Kiev's days as the leader of the Rus Principalities were done, and their center of gravity was moving north toward Vladimir-Suzdal, the Duchy/Princedom from which the Moscow Grand Dukes and later Tsars rose. and #2 Invasions, weakening and destruction of southern and central Rus principalities did open up a vacuum which allowed the Lithuanian Grand Duchy to dominate a great many Rus cities and lands, and this domination of western Rus lands (Belarus, most of Ukraine, some of Russia) carried over to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

If the Mongols never coalesce into an all-conquering, or even major conquering Horde under Temujin or any similarly gifted leader, could their lack of invasion, ravaging, and tribute collection from the Rus lands from Genghis and Batu and Ogedei and continuing through the Golden Horde's preeminence, lasting roughly the 257 years from 1223-1480 CE, have opened up a Eurasian power vacuum that a Rus state, likely Vladimir-Suzdal, would have filled earlier, much like Muscovy did later on in OTL? Could the lack of devastation of western and southern Rus principalities by Mongol invaders have kept Lithuania from ballooning as big as it ever got across all Belarus and Ukraine? Might the Rus principalities in that area, due to cultural, religious and dynastic ties and affinities with a dynamically growing and strengthening Vladimir-Suzdal, have naturally fallen into the latter's political orbit in the late Medieval/Renaissance era, with perhaps only principalities on the western edge of the Rus lands, like Galich and Polotsk, under contested influences of powers to the west like Hungary, Poland, or Lithuania.

Here is a link to the Eurasian map of 1200 AD: Eurasia in 1200 - Full size | Gifex
We see to the south and east of the Rus states the Cumans or Kipchak Khaganate, a tough opponent ruling the steppe. And, absent the Mongols, they would seem the logical people to continue ruling the steppe and harassing the Rus frontiers. But would they have the skills, vitality, and demographic power, without the Mongol flows and warmaking techniques to completely to take the historic place of the Mongols and Golden Horde for 250 plus years in keeping the Russians on the back foot and stymieing any eastward advances by the Russian peoples? Or would they start decaying and become vulnerable to Rus inroads toward the Black Sea, Caspian or Urals as we approach 1300 or 1400 ?

If things go well for Vladimir-Suzdalian Russia, would it be unreasonable for a Russian state centered there to run from Moscow to Alaska by the year 1560 AD? Having reached Pacific shores through the forest belt in in the middle 1400s, breached the Urals barrier in the middle or late 1300s, and satellitized/incorporated the other Rus states outside of Vladimir-Suzdal by the mid-1400s?

Why or why not?

If established and reaching such an extent, what kind of future could such a massive Rurikid renaissance state have?
 

ATP

Well-known member
From repeated discussions of medieval Russian history and 'no Mongol invasion' proposals I have heard a couple things from Russia mavens. #1 That even prior to the Mongol invasions, Kiev's days as the leader of the Rus Principalities were done, and their center of gravity was moving north toward Vladimir-Suzdal, the Duchy/Princedom from which the Moscow Grand Dukes and later Tsars rose. and #2 Invasions, weakening and destruction of southern and central Rus principalities did open up a vacuum which allowed the Lithuanian Grand Duchy to dominate a great many Rus cities and lands, and this domination of western Rus lands (Belarus, most of Ukraine, some of Russia) carried over to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

If the Mongols never coalesce into an all-conquering, or even major conquering Horde under Temujin or any similarly gifted leader, could their lack of invasion, ravaging, and tribute collection from the Rus lands from Genghis and Batu and Ogedei and continuing through the Golden Horde's preeminence, lasting roughly the 257 years from 1223-1480 CE, have opened up a Eurasian power vacuum that a Rus state, likely Vladimir-Suzdal, would have filled earlier, much like Muscovy did later on in OTL? Could the lack of devastation of western and southern Rus principalities by Mongol invaders have kept Lithuania from ballooning as big as it ever got across all Belarus and Ukraine? Might the Rus principalities in that area, due to cultural, religious and dynastic ties and affinities with a dynamically growing and strengthening Vladimir-Suzdal, have naturally fallen into the latter's political orbit in the late Medieval/Renaissance era, with perhaps only principalities on the western edge of the Rus lands, like Galich and Polotsk, under contested influences of powers to the west like Hungary, Poland, or Lithuania.

Here is a link to the Eurasian map of 1200 AD: Eurasia in 1200 - Full size | Gifex
We see to the south and east of the Rus states the Cumans or Kipchak Khaganate, a tough opponent ruling the steppe. And, absent the Mongols, they would seem the logical people to continue ruling the steppe and harassing the Rus frontiers. But would they have the skills, vitality, and demographic power, without the Mongol flows and warmaking techniques to completely to take the historic place of the Mongols and Golden Horde for 250 plus years in keeping the Russians on the back foot and stymieing any eastward advances by the Russian peoples? Or would they start decaying and become vulnerable to Rus inroads toward the Black Sea, Caspian or Urals as we approach 1300 or 1400 ?

If things go well for Vladimir-Suzdalian Russia, would it be unreasonable for a Russian state centered there to run from Moscow to Alaska by the year 1560 AD? Having reached Pacific shores through the forest belt in in the middle 1400s, breached the Urals barrier in the middle or late 1300s, and satellitized/incorporated the other Rus states outside of Vladimir-Suzdal by the mid-1400s?

Why or why not?

If established and reaching such an extent, what kind of future could such a massive Rurikid renaissance state have?
No.
They forget few things:
1.Moscov as powerhouse was created by mongols,who used them to collect taxes from other princes.
Without them,they would remain one of many not especially important states,and such thing as united Russia would never happened.
They considered to choose Twer,but Moscov spies manage to made riots there which killed some mongolian princess,and mongols punished city.


2.Even without that,there were still powerfull steppe states - Cumans/althought they never united/ wolga Bulgars and some pagan hungarians near Don.
Without mongols,those people would keep raiding russian states and keep them in check at least till 1600-1800.
Becouse only after that infrantry armies there manage to repel calvary nomads.

3.Poland without mongol invasion would be united about 1250 AD by Silesia,and take at least part of russian territories.


So,no.

Dudes who wrote that forget,that Moscov is bastard daughter of mongols,and without them would be notching.
 

Buba

A total creep
I feel there is an error in your premise - the lack of Mongol expansion does not cause a vacuum. That space was filled nicey, thank you very much.

I do not think a Rus from Wieprz and Liwiec Rivers to Alaska by 1560 would happen. No drivers - or the Mongol example to emulate. I am not saying "not ever", but simply unlikely.

No Mongols? Almost certainly no Lithuanian expansion. Rus fragmentation probably continues, but could end sooner or later than in OTL, or maybe never. With a different configuration of states than in OTL.
Poland - maybe it stays somewhat reunited under the Wrocław Henries, maybe it tears itself apart again. And gets reunited y somebody else than in OTL. Maybe absorbed by Czechia into MegaTurbo West Slav state?
Both here and in Rus the human factor is paramount - get a nutter like Alexander of Macedon, Fredric Oathbreaker Hohenzollern, Peter Alekseyevich, Napoleon etc. and you get unification inside half a generation at any time.

The Turkic people with many names - Cuman/Kuman, Kipchak or Polovtsy (have your pick) - were in (large?) part Christian. No Mongols and no Golden Horde could keep the North Caucasus and the Great Steppe from the Dnestr to the Ural (mostly) Christian/Pagan/Tengrist. I say could, as again many things could happen - but not need happen - making this area go Moslem.
 
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Agent23

Ни шагу назад!
No mongols also means that the Ottoman Turks will not be pushed into westward expansion.

It will ultimately mean stronger Byzantium and stronger 2nd Bulgarian Empire, ultimately.

This will have all sorts of knockon effects, with the various Russian principalities re-consolidating earlier and forming closer alliances with either Bulgaria or Byzantium, probably Byzantium.
 

ATP

Well-known member
No mongols also means that the Ottoman Turks will not be pushed into westward expansion.

It will ultimately mean stronger Byzantium and stronger 2nd Bulgarian Empire, ultimately.

This will have all sorts of knockon effects, with the various Russian principalities re-consolidating earlier and forming closer alliances with either Bulgaria or Byzantium, probably Byzantium.
All true.I do not see anybody here forming new empire,certainly no nobodies like Moscovities.
 

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