Technology The Crypto-Anarchist Manifesto

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
When it comes to technology, we always hear disturbing anecdotes and read alarming stories about how it'll facilitate all kinds of centralization and population control by malevolent technocratic overlords with deep pockets and good (albeit fading) marketing that have convinced us to buy their stuff and bankrolled wall-to-wall propaganda campaigns to desensitize us to the negative side-effects. And honestly, I can't disagree.

Alternatively, there are those who hold out hope we can use technological advances to "decentralize" the means of production and exchange through channels that governments around the world simply aren't equipped to stamp out completely. At least, so says Timothy C. May, prime Crypto-Anarchist and the author of this piece here.


A specter is haunting the modern world, the specter of crypto anarchy.

Computer technology is on the verge of providing the ability for individuals and groups to communicate and interact with each other in a totally anonymous manner. Two persons may exchange messages, conduct business, and negotiate electronic contracts without ever knowing the True Name, or legal identity, of the other. Interactions over networks will be untraceable, via extensive re- routing of encrypted packets and tamper-proof boxes which implement cryptographic protocols with nearly perfect assurance against any tampering. Reputations will be of central importance, far more important in dealings than even the credit ratings of today. These developments will alter completely the nature of government regulation, the ability to tax and control economic interactions, the ability to keep information secret, and will even alter the nature of trust and reputation.

The technology for this revolution--and it surely will be both a social and economic revolution--has existed in theory for the past decade. The methods are based upon public-key encryption, zero-knowledge interactive proof systems, and various software protocols for interaction, authentication, and verification. The focus has until now been on academic conferences in Europe and the U.S., conferences monitored closely by the National Security Agency. But only recently have computer networks and personal computers attained sufficient speed to make the ideas practically realizable. And the next ten years will bring enough additional speed to make the ideas economically feasible and essentially unstoppable. High-speed networks, ISDN, tamper-proof boxes, smart cards, satellites, Ku-band transmitters, multi-MIPS personal computers, and encryption chips now under development will be some of the enabling technologies.

The State will of course try to slow or halt the spread of this technology, citing national security concerns, use of the technology by drug dealers and tax evaders, and fears of societal disintegration. Many of these concerns will be valid; crypto anarchy will allow national secrets to be trade freely and will allow illicit and stolen materials to be traded. An anonymous computerized market will even make possible abhorrent markets for assassinations and extortion. Various criminal and foreign elements will be active users of CryptoNet. But this will not halt the spread of crypto anarchy.

Just as the technology of printing altered and reduced the power of medieval guilds and the social power structure, so too will cryptologic methods fundamentally alter the nature of corporations and of government interference in economic transactions. Combined with emerging information markets, crypto anarchy will create a liquid market for any and all material which can be put into words and pictures. And just as a seemingly minor invention like barbed wire made possible the fencing-off of vast ranches and farms, thus altering forever the concepts of land and property rights in the frontier West, so too will the seemingly minor discovery out of an arcane branch of mathematics come to be the wire clippers which dismantle the barbed wire around intellectual property.

Arise, you have nothing to lose but your barbed wire fences!


Keeping in mind this was written in 1988, the means by which May's vision might be achieved — 3D printing, cryptocurrency, and decentralized networks — have advanced tremendously within the past 35 years. No doubt criminals will take advantage of these or that governments will try to regulate so-called "Crypto-Anarchy" into oblivion, but as I see it, they're not invincible and their hold won't last forever.

Instead, the tech will just keep developing, and while the consequences may not be as "rosy" as May or other Crypto-Anarchists make it out to be, they may be a sufficient force to be reckoned with for savvy stakeholders to realize they can't squash and will simply have to live with. Too bad we don't seem to have enough of those people, as is, which makes me worry how the Establishment will react as soon as they realize they can't just outlaw it and except everyone to obey straight away. :(
 

LordDemiurge

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Cryptocurrency I remain very skeptical of. Bitcoin consumes the energy of an entire country for a measly 7 transactions per second.

Energy and material that would arguably be better spent on something productive. Especially given that crypto has been shown to be easier to manipulate by larger entities than is previously advertised.

3D printing
I'd say this is more important.

Any hope of crypto-anarchy kind of has to start with the manufacturing and engineering side of things. Though currently we are still fairly cucked in this regard. Given that barely a year ago New York maimed a Right to Repair Bill.

As far as I can tell, making 'home made' microchips is not impossible, and is something of a burgeoning field.



I first learned about it from this video. And more recently there's another engineer by the name of Sam Zeloof who got inspired by this to try and figure out better ways of downsizing silicon chip production.

Another obstacle is of course to start fighting tooth and nail for Right to Repair. At the bare minimum, if the apocalypse comes along you'll at least want some useful salvage, instead of a black box deliberately made to be a plastic and metal brick.
 

Abhorsen

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There's a very good argument about why crypto is important: it stops federal snooping of money. The big barrier for crypto is making it easy to spend. I'd love for there to be a system for just automatically converting from crypto to cash of some sort. Bitcoin ATMs sorta do this, but it's not seamless enough. Ideally, you'd have something sorta like a seamless transition from bitcoin to a card. This currently, sadly, does not exist right now. It's not really a technical problem, it's more a political/legal problem. One thing I'd be very interested in is finding a country that could basically support a one way bitcoin -> cash transition, using only a wallet.
 

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
Cryptocurrency I remain very skeptical of. Bitcoin consumes the energy of an entire country for a measly 7 transactions per second.

Energy and material that would arguably be better spent on something productive. Especially given that crypto has been shown to be easier to manipulate by larger entities than is previously advertised.

Well, it'd be helpful to have a medium of exchange of some sort.

Lots of electronic transactions nowadays, too, so regardless of its current state, there'll still be enough of an underlying incentive for future waves of "cypherpunks" to make crypto more energy-efficient and less vulnerable to larger entities than the currencies that are out now. Just because that's the state of Bitcoin in 2023 doesn't mean that's the fate of all future crypto, too, is what I'm saying.


Any hope of crypto-anarchy kind of has to start with the manufacturing and engineering side of things. Though currently we are still fairly cucked in this regard. Given that barely a year ago New York maimed a Right to Repair Bill.

As far as I can tell, making 'home made' microchips is not impossible, and is something of a burgeoning field.



I first learned about it from this video. And more recently there's another engineer by the name of Sam Zeloof who got inspired by this to try and figure out better ways of downsizing silicon chip production.

Another obstacle is of course to start fighting tooth and nail for Right to Repair. At the bare minimum, if the apocalypse comes along you'll at least want some useful salvage, instead of a black box deliberately made to be a plastic and metal brick.

That all seems reasonable, as Right to Repair has its obvious uses in speeding up the process.

Besides, I also suspect you'll see illicit reverse-engineering and "homebrew" production of patented components, anyway, which will result in dead ends (and even accidents) from time to time. Not something I'd risk myself, but that sure won't stop tech-savvy scofflaws who don't give a fuck and have the grit to see it through — with or without the authorities' blessing.

Having said that: I wonder how much open-source hardware and designs might help here? Not sure what the business model would look like, but I recall (perhaps erroneously) something about Elon Musk releasing the blueprints for some Tesla builds a while ago for the public's benefit. More certainly, there's also Defense Distributed, which publishes CAD schematics for firearms that can be 3D printed or CNC milled at home. So far, they've won enough lawsuits to keep their activities legally ongoing — though again, I suspect there'll be developers who follow in their footsteps that give even less fucks than Cody Wilson does. :oops:
 

Abhorsen

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As for crypto being too energy expensive, it really isn't. First, it depends on the model used. Proof of work (the usual one method used to confirm a transaction, like in bitcoin) is energy expensive, but other methods aren't. Second, bitcoin mining also serves as a useful solution to the 'too much energy' problem. Frequently, Bitcoin miners would set up shop next to a power plant (especially a solar/wind based one, where there isn't control), and when the plant was producing more energy than needed, the miner would buy it instead (sometimes the plant would actually pay the miner!).

But more importantly, the idea that energy or money or whatever isn't being spent on important things, and that someone should control what it is spent on, basically flies in the face of capitalism and how markets work. If a person buys electricity, it's their right to do what they want with it, if it doesn't harm others.
 

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
In any case, I suppose there’ll be lots of consequences for Intellectual Property, in the event that Crypto-Anarchism is indeed successful?

Personally, I suspect traditional IP laws (as well as limits on free speech and expression) will become increasingly unenforceable as communication get more decentralized, file-sharing gets easier, and 3D printing gets more sophisticated. At least, that’s probably how it’d be for “simpler” devices and models, especially when “homebrew” equipment favors relative simplicity of components and assembly.

Might be a different story for larger, more “industrial-scale” machinery, such as cars and aircraft. Of course, I can’t technically rule out clever people finding ways around that or opening up their own hidden black-market factories, either.

However, even if they can’t sue (anonymous) violators into oblivion, my guess is manufacturers of the original product who haven’t learned to accommodate these changes will respond by rolling out more “technologically complex” stuff that’s way harder to replicate or reverse-engineer. Maybe also screen new hires more closely, too, to ensure they’re not conducting espionage or passing along trade secrets to Crypto-Anarchist “homebrewers” behind their backs. Yes, I know NDAs already exist, but that won’t stop it from becoming a recurring problem that established firms find themselves facing over the next few decades.
 

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
Anyhow, found another article summing up Crypto-Anarchism and its history:



On the whole, some interesting stuff in there!

The philosophical tenets and references to the actual Crypto-Anarchist Manifesto didn't surprise me, though a few bits (such as proto-hacking in the '80s and all the crypto precursors of the '90s) were another story.
 

Abhorsen

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Ooh, for those interested in cryptoanarchic fiction, Neal Stephenson has some great stuff, notably Cryptonomicon and Reamde (yes, that's spelt correctly).
 

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
Ooh, for those interested in cryptoanarchic fiction, Neal Stephenson has some great stuff, notably Cryptonomicon and Reamde (yes, that's spelt correctly).

This, however, isn't. Last time I checked, we were both American! :p

Otherwise, thanks for the recommendations. Haven't heard much about them besides the broad strokes, but I suspect quite a few real-world cypherpunks have already read them and want to bring those ideas to life.
 

Abhorsen

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This, however, isn't. Last time I checked, we were both American! :p

Otherwise, thanks for the recommendations. Haven't heard much about them besides the broad strokes, but I suspect quite a few real-world cypherpunks have already read them and want to bring those ideas to life.
Spelt is still the US passed tense of spell. Spelled is an abomination and I hate it.

Yeah, Neal Stephenson has some of the best stuff out there for ancap leaning societies, along with a variety of _punk stuff. His nanopunk in The Diamond Age is really cool, and so is his cyberpunk world of Snow Crash (still an all time favorite of mine).
 

Zyobot

Just a time-traveling robot stranded on Earth.
Bit more "generic", but because cypherpunks will make use of these, too:




Not sure whether it'd be more effective than 3D printing, though even then, you'll no doubt have CNC hobbyists in the ranks of Crypto-Anarchists everywhere, as well.
 

Bassoe

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