Was the Italian monarchy more reactionary than the German one?
Note I said possibly even in Germany - i.e. excluding them from my initial suggestion - thinking of Britain, the Low Countries and Scandinavia.
In terms of Germany the monarch was very autocratic except in the tragically short rule of Wilhelm's father but there was a fairly strong parliamentary system and also Bismarck while deeply conservative himself did realise the importance of having the population happy and supportive. I don't really know that much about the Italian monarchy at this point but get the idea that Italian politics was somewhat more polarized and hence the left was more excluded and as a result would be more committed to major changes.