MARS
We can readily replace Mars' oceans and atmosphere with the Gemino curse.
It's specifically called out in the books, the movies, and the supplements as not having any limit. So if we send a single cubic meter of water (We're stingy that way), perhaps in a biodegradable balloon made of seaweed or some other useful organic material we need a lot of decaying in the oceans, or one that may vanish in a few minutes for convenience, we can start it duplicating. How long, says you, will it take to fill the oceans?
Our oceans contain 1.37 billion cubic kilometers of water. Each cubic kilometer is a billion cubic meters. That's 1,370,000,000,000,000,000 cubic meters. Assume the Gemino curse doubles things once every five seconds (In the video it went from one cup and plate to filling the vault with a huge mound of them in about twenty seconds, and they doubled a bit faster than that). In 60 doublings, five minutes, we'd have 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 cubic meters of water, Mars being quite a bit smaller than Earth, this would be enough, possibly too much. However, the smart money would be on stopping the process at around an eighth of that, 4 minutes and 45 seconds, to give enough time for the water to flow properly into the seabed, otherwise you generate half the ocean in the last five seconds of the process and that risks some slight water damage. Doing it that way, despite meaning it might take a couple of hours to fill the oceans, this also ensures we don't overdo it and get too much water by leaving the spell going a second too long.
Of course, the atmosphere will be supplied in the same way, probably well before the oceans since we don't want them freezing on us.
Mars may be missing certain specific minerals, like phosphorus, in sufficient quantities. Guess which spell will be used to solve that deficiency?
Of course, that doesn't deal with the problem of Mars having significantly lower amounts of gravity than Earth. We'd maybe be able to survive that but we're HP Wizards, why put up with discomfort when we can instead... use the Gemino charm to produce billions of cubic kilometers of rich alluvial topsoil of various kinds, thus guaranteeing millennia of growing seasons and also boosting Mar's mass up to what we want?
Now Mars has no magnetic field, which might be inconvenient. Though the atmosphere will blow away, this is a process that takes centuries and we'll have no problem creating new air faster than that. However, there are other benefits to a magnetic field we may need. So how do we fix that? This will require setting up Mars with a nickel-iron core but HP Wizards don't have a particularly good way to just teleport one into the center of Mars. We could, in theory, Gemino a sufficiently large block of iron onto the surface (we'll want to do this in a deep pit we've excavated), then fiendfyre the location to melt the crust and let the liquid iron flow all the way down to the center where it will form into a new core. However, Fiendfyre isn't really the very safest spell in the world so we may want to research other options.
Mars' temperature will be a bitch to fix. Even for ridiculous wizardly upping the power of the sun won't be an easy task, so we won't do that. There are spells, like Fiendfyre, that produce heat without needing any fuel. Huge honking balls of Fiendfyre at the L1 and L2 Lagrange points will generate a pair of extra "suns" at close range to produce more heat and light. On the other hand, while I don't think Fiendfyre can escape that much gravity and travel through space on its own, ideally we can research some less sentient, less malevolent fire-without-fuel spell we can call upon for the task. If we create a larger moon for Mars (A good idea to get tides anyway, which are good for Earth life, also for keeping Grunion alive since they only lay eggs during the full moon, because there's no way Grunion aren't magical), we can place further balls of infinite fire at its L1, L3, and L4 points if needed.
All these balls of orbital fire will, unfortunately, make astronomy much harder so we'll put a permanent set of vanishing cabinet transports to Mars' moons where we'll set up comfortable bases for stargazing purposes.
Life will take longer since the charm may not work on living things, we'll presume it won't. First, we'll move a few shipping containers of phytoplankton from various areas to Mars and release them to be fruitful and multiply. Everything won't make it but some creatures will like Mars and multiply rapidly and taking containers from every ocean and beach in the world will give us better odds of getting a solid variety. We'll do the same thing with the land by transporting in containers of sewage, swamp muck, loam, every kind of soil we can find in order to get as many microorganisms as we can to the task of multiplying. Zooplankton will follow, next land vegetation, invertebrates, fish, birds, and finally land animals, starting small and moving up to Megafauna once there's a proper base of prey in place. In order to obtain rare and elusive creatures we may device vanishing cabinet traps we can leave in their territory that bait creatures in and then automatically send them to Mars, allowing us to colonize it with stuff we perhaps didn't even know existed. This process will actually take... probably longer than we have to be sure but we don't have to be completely finished before the asteroid hits and we can probably move in well before every creature has been transported.