History Western Civilization, Rome and Cyclical History

Lord Sovereign

The resident Britbong
When in East people do not have rights to doubt their god-kings.
I don’t think any Persian Shahanshah or Chinese Huangdi have ever proclaimed themselves to be Gods. Perhaps of divine descent, but never outright Gods and certainly not as being above criticism. Any Great King/Emperor who relentlessly shat on his satraps or governors was not long for this world.
 

Lord Sovereign

The resident Britbong
The most famous God King of all time was Xerxes, a Shahanshah.
A committed Zoroastrian (a deeply monotheistic faith) would never dare proclaim himself above Ahura Mazda. If Cyrus couldn’t get away with that, then neither would Xerxes. Remember that the accusation of “God King” does come from the Greeks in no small amount, who are understandably not the most reliable of primary sources.
 

Crom's Black Blade

Well-known member
And the same can be said of a child as well.

When I was a toddler I drew people as heads with sticks for legs and hands.

Believe me, none of this really clarifies the difference.
I don't know. To me, while the outcome may be similar I'm not sure the reason behind it is the same. A child understands he has a body and isn't just a head with sticks for limbs rather that abstract image is the closest he can approximate the truth as he sees it.

While an Ai has no understanding, at least not at the current time, and is just looking at a dataset of images and trying to take the average of all of them.
 

Cherico

Well-known member
I don't know. To me, while the outcome may be similar I'm not sure the reason behind it is the same. A child understands he has a body and isn't just a head with sticks for limbs rather that abstract image is the closest he can approximate the truth as he sees it.

While an Ai has no understanding, at least not at the current time, and is just looking at a dataset of images and trying to take the average of all of them.

technology has a way of disapointing us.
 

Skallagrim

Well-known member
And the same can be said of a child as well.

When I was a toddler I drew people as heads with sticks for legs and hands.

Believe me, none of this really clarifies the difference.

I don't know. To me, while the outcome may be similar I'm not sure the reason behind it is the same. A child understands he has a body and isn't just a head with sticks for limbs rather that abstract image is the closest he can approximate the truth as he sees it.

While an Ai has no understanding, at least not at the current time, and is just looking at a dataset of images and trying to take the average of all of them.

Yeah, what @Crom's Black Blade points out gets to the essential matter here. Apply Aristotelian logic to the problem, and you see where the comparison to a child goes wrong. In fact, it illustrates the difference. A mind (or an imitation thereof) is not a static image. It's a dynamic, we might say... living... thing.

A child is a human and has the categorical potential of a human. It can develop into an adult. The fact that an infant cannot yet do the things that an adult can is merely an issue an actualisation. The potential is there.

If I leave ChatGPT running for long enough, will it bootstrap itself into a real mind? No. It can't do that. The underlying requirements aren't there. It's a data processor with an admittedly impressive ability for recombination. But none of it happens consciously. It doesn't gain understanding. There's no mind there. Nothing that can "grow up". That's the issue with current "AI" (which isn't really "AI" at all, and most people involved in developing will -- and do -- tell you that.)

Real AI would require a completely different approach. Instead of imitating the output of a mind (without any underlying consciousness), such an approach would start by imitating the most rudimentary and primitive parts of the brain. And some of that has been tried. You know... creating robot ants that do everything an ant does. Start there. Then build a robo-termite. A robo-bee. Figure out how you get greater complexity. Work your way towards artificial lizard brains... mouse brains...

That's the road. It's long, and it has far fewer options for a quick buck on reasonably short notice. Which is one reason why AI does not, in any way, exist in the world. Only stuff like ChatGPT... which is not AI.


...It's still wholly irrelevant to this thread, though. ;)

ETA: coincidentally, someone just posted in the AI/Automation megathread, so I can now link to it here. That's probably the right place for the continuation of this particular discussion.



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we could absolutely use a discussion of What Inventions Could Break Marcohistoric Prediction Models and their likely consequences.

I'd argue we've already got one in nuclear weapons and MAD deterrence. A nation can be as decadent and incompetently governed as it likes and still avoid outright invasion and conquest so long as they've got an explicit Sampson Option policy and the Bomb.

I strongly disagree with the assessment of atomics. They provide no paradigm shift.

Macro-history applies to human civilisation as it came into existence thanks to the neolithic revolution. WE moved beyond hunter-gatherers, into organised societies with formalised divisions of labour and econoies based on abstractions of pure exchange (i.e. monetary systems). In this context, the main socio-eonomic driver was and remains the division of scarce goods, and all models of societal organisation are ultimately centred around that concept.

Something that doesn't challenge that paradigm also doesn't challenge the preconceptions of macro-history. And although it may be ironic (and in fact mentally unbearable to J.P. Sartre, but that's another story), the possibility of annihiliation in nuclear fire is by no means a challenge to the paradigm. After all, a tribe in 3000 BC ould be antirely eradicated by enemies wielding nothing but heavy clubs. That, too, is existential termination to their entire "world". And since human operational perception has a limited horizon, there is no essential mental difference between your tribe getting wiped out to a man via the use of clubs... nd all humanity being wipid out to a man via the use of nukes.

Mankind, I regret to inform all optimists, has no "species-feeling". Spengler wrote of "race-feeling", but at best, his approximation thereof in practical terms was a general sense of vaguely-defined nationalism on the grandest functional scale. Such as: "I'm a Briton, and I feel proud of The Empire [... even though I never consciously conceptualise it on its true scale and in its true complexity... because doing so would literally drive most humans insane.]"

My point is: if humans were perfectly rational, always intelligent beings with a universal degree of higher education on an academic level across the board... then perhaps, the existence of nukes and the true implications thereof might prompt a shift in societal thinking to such a degree that it would affect the shape of history.

But this is not the case, and so it doesn't. History remains as it was. Nukes are just bigger clubs, and the underlying dynamics are unaltered.



I imagine other inventions could be:
  • Centrally monopolized AI rendering human labor worthless and giving the owners of the robot armies an invincible eternal monopoly of force.
  • Open-source AI replacing labor but it doesn't matter if everyone's got their very own von neumann factory and defensive robot armies.
  • Uncontrolled indifferent AI, aka the Paperclip Maximizer and humanity unceremoniously going extinct.
  • Uncontrolled benevolent AI, aka humanity becoming the Omnissiah’s pets.
  • Transhumanism and the removal of free will, aka ketracel white addiction-backed hydraulic empires, subscription service cybernetics and everything *THASF* goes on about in his spartacasts. *
  • Transhumanism and the creation of a genuinely actually biologically superior Master Race.
  • Medical immortality. Empires no longer grow decadent with time when their founders can potentially live forever. Overpopulation and zero-sum competition for resources, jobs and inheritance are now Serious Business.

The distinctions between AI are irrelevant. Any true AI, by its mere existence, would render the existing macro-historical model invalid. Macro-history is concerned with the behaviour of humans on a large scale. In inhuman sapience cannot be predicted by the model.

Removal of free will would obviously do the same, because it would remove the "mass scale" component. It would reduce human action to merely an exponent of the will of a small group-- a group so small that it can't be predicted for. (Macro-history relying on the predictability of averages, after all.)

All significant transhumanism, regardless of free will, would do the trick anyway. Same reason as with AI. A transhuman is not human, and can't be expected to operate in the same way. The model ceases to be valid. (Do note that the deviation needs to be significant. "We removed nearsightedness and male patter baldness" would not qualify.)

Arrival of sapient aliens, ditto.

Immortality also, yes. Or even significant life extension. Not just for the material reasons, but because a vastly longer (expected) lifespan would alter the mentality of the people as well. Thus, again, altering the general behaviour... on which macro-history is predicated.

A final option is post-scarcity, which would invalidate the post-neolithic paradigm in which we've existed, and on which the very concept of human civilisation (and thus alo "history") is based. If the division of scarce goods ceases to be a concern, the paradigm is also ended.



Another option would be that the caesar figure and reactionary backlash get their start by being explicitly against these sorts of things and it becomes society's new foundational myth. That the technocrats of the 21st century wanted to render everyone obsolete and were willing to risk humanity's extinction for the chance to do so**, whereas modern society, while authoritarian, on some level depends upon consent of the governed, if enough people disliked the status quo, they could overthrow it. ***

*Butlerian Jihad intensifies*



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I mean ignorance is one thing, but a few of them do have an understanding of history which doesn't factor into their decision making at all. It's as if they flatly refuse to try to understand how things work and how to play the game, out of spite.

Thus for all the world they appear utterly foolish, if not thuggish, which is a political kiss of death.

We have a long way to go, and there are no shortcuts.

That's about the most succinct way I can put it.



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I don’t think any Persian Shahanshah or Chinese Huangdi have ever proclaimed themselves to be Gods. Perhaps of divine descent, but never outright Gods and certainly not as being above criticism. Any Great King/Emperor who relentlessly shat on his satraps or governors was not long for this world.

Precisely. It should be noted that Alexander was so ludicrously successful in large part because the rulers of Persia had just gone through a succession strife, and the winners had become very paranoid... and had thus deliberately fleeced their satraps, while hoarding gold in the own imperial treasury. Which is... retard economics. Literally acting like a deranged dragon from myth, you know? It didn't end well.

But, yeah, Alexander won because these guys were doing something that was not normal, and not acceptable to the provincial rulers. Which demonstrates aptly that a degree of decentralism (in fact, a rather significant degree!) had been the norm.

The "Eastern absolute despot" meme as we now know it comes from... (drumroll please)... Karl Marx.

Yup. Him again. So that tells you something. Not that he originated the basic idea. The Greeks demonised the Persians, and it happens that the Muslim rivals of Christendom were also "Eastern". This doesn't make the meme true. However, ATP is from Poland, and recent experience with the USSR has extended the lifespan of the meme in those parts of the world. Understandably so, I'd say. It's still a meme, though, and we shouldn't confuse it with a more complex reality.
 
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Lord Sovereign

The resident Britbong
Precisely. It should be noted that Alexander was so ludicrously successful in large part because the rulers of Persia had just gone through a succession strife, and the winners had become very paranoid... and had thus deliberately fleeced their satraps, while hoarding gold in the own imperial treasury. Which is... retard economics. Literally acting like a deranged dragon from myth, you know? It didn't end well.

But, yeah, Alexander won because these guys were doing something that was not normal, and not acceptable to the provincial rulers. Which demonstrates aptly that a degree of decentralism (in fact, a rather significant degree!) had been the norm.
One wonders whether or not Alexander would have succeeded against a Great King like Cyrus.

Indeed, if I recall the Greeks initially highly regarded Persian governance and lamented how it became more "despotic" as the years went by. But further to your point, we see the same thing happen in Ancient China.

The Qin forge the first united Chinese Empire but are fascistic monsters to the point where their dynasty scarcely lasts twenty years. The Han by contrast were a far lighter touch in their method of governance.
 

Skallagrim

Well-known member
The Han by contrast were a far lighter touch in their method of governance.

Confucian advisor: "O son of Heaven, we need to created an ordered and centralised system to extert power over all the rea--"

Emperor Gaozu: *literally stands up and starts taking a piss in the Confucian advisor's hat, then forces him to put it back on*

Emperor Gaozu: "That's what I think of your idea."

(This happened. I'm not making this up.)
 

Poe

Well-known member
A committed Zoroastrian (a deeply monotheistic faith) would never dare proclaim himself above Ahura Mazda. If Cyrus couldn’t get away with that, then neither would Xerxes. Remember that the accusation of “God King” does come from the Greeks in no small amount, who are understandably not the most reliable of primary sources.
Everything you think you know about Zoroastrianism comes from a thousand years after Xerxes was alive. It also has/had numerous sects not all of which are that deeply monothiestic.
One wonders whether or not Alexander would have succeeded against a Great King like Cyrus.

Indeed, if I recall the Greeks initially highly regarded Persian governance and lamented how it became more "despotic" as the years went by. But further to your point, we see the same thing happen in Ancient China.

The Qin forge the first united Chinese Empire but are fascistic monsters to the point where their dynasty scarcely lasts twenty years. The Han by contrast were a far lighter touch in their method of governance.
No definitely not. His entire conquests rests on Xenophons telling of how the once great Persian empire is now a paper tiger.
 

Lord Sovereign

The resident Britbong
Confucian advisor: "O son of Heaven, we need to created an ordered and centralised system to extert power over all the rea--"

Emperor Gaozu: *literally stands up and starts taking a piss in the Confucian advisor's hat, then forces him to put it back on*

Emperor Gaozu: "That's what I think of your idea."

(This happened. I'm not making this up.)
Good God, what a gigachad. Show those fucking philosophers and their devastating "big ideas" their rightful place.

The First Han Emperor was precisely what China needed by the sound of it. Would you say Ancient China experienced its great flowering under the Han?
 

Skallagrim

Well-known member
Good God, what a gigachad. Show those fucking philosophers and their devastating "big ideas" their rightful place.

The First Han Emperor was precisely what China needed by the sound of it. Would you say Ancient China experienced its great flowering under the Han?

As you said: the Qin regime was never sustainable. China derives its name from Qin (just for anyone unclear on this: the 'q' is pronounced like 'ch'), but that's sort of comparable to the way every Roman emperor was 'Caesar'. Goazu of Han was to China what Augustus was to Rome. The man who spent a lifetime to build something that would outlast the ages.

And yes, the Han dynasty was the golden age of China, especially the the so-called 'Former Han', the first half of the five-century period. That is directly comparable to the Roman Principate. ('Latter Han' being analogous to the Dominate, and the short-lived and troubled Xin interregnum being cognate to the Crisis of the Third Century.)

Of course, China had several advantages (such as geography) that allowed it to later 'fall back together', so that the brief Sui dynasty functioned as a "second Qin", re-birthing the Empire. And subsequently the Tang dynasty could establish a second Principate-like golden age.

The founder of the Tang dynasty, by the way, took the name... Goazu. His life even had some almost uncanny parallels to that of Goazu of Han. The also both hated obnoxious political philosophers who thought the state should be run according to theoretical principles. Anyway, needless to say, the Tang period is considered another magnificent flowering of Chinese culture.
 
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Crom's Black Blade

Well-known member
That, too, is existential termination to their entire "world". And since human operational perception has a limited horizon, there is no essential mental difference between your tribe getting wiped out to a man via the use of clubs... nd all humanity being wipid out to a man via the use of nukes.
I would say there's a very profound difference. Men with clubs, or pre-industrial weapons, have to be at least on the fringes of your "world" and require relatively good coordination and focus since you are physically having to go out and destroy everything. Further if you are the richer, more populace entity then you can just as likely just weather this storm.

Industrial warfare changes this paradigm up somewhat since it matters less if you are richer or the more populated nation compared to the one whose industry is geared more towards war. You can be the smaller, weaker nation in absolute terms but if you can focus your assets you can disrupt the network of logistics and resources upon which industrial society depends. A larger army doesn't amount to much if oil can't be shipped to refineries or fuel from there to your front lines.

Nuclear weapons take this even one step further. Russia is a joke militarily. In no way could it remotely launch a meaningful invasion of the US yet thanks to nuclear weapons despite being weaker, poorer and with a much smaller population could end the US's "world" despite being no where near it. Such a feat doesn't even require much coordination or commitment. A relative handful of people turning launch keys.

As you made not of in our earlier discussion, two-bit warlords could pull this off.

Which makes every internal civil war of a nuclear power an external threat and any nation collapse a possible game-ender for the entire board rather than their personal "world".

Confucian advisor: "O son of Heaven, we need to created an ordered and centralised system to extert power over all the rea--"

Emperor Gaozu: *literally stands up and starts taking a piss in the Confucian advisor's hat, then forces him to put it back on*

Emperor Gaozu: "That's what I think of your idea."

(This happened. I'm not making this up.)
Well, got to say Gaozu sounds like a dick. Like he isn't showing how his advisor's idea is fundamentally flawed, rather all he's demonstrating is Might makes Right which means as soon as the advisor has more power than Gaozu he not only can implement his centralizing but has full justification to try.
 

Skallagrim

Well-known member
Well, got to say Gaozu sounds like a dick. Like he isn't showing how his advisor's idea is fundamentally flawed, rather all he's demonstrating is Might makes Right which means as soon as the advisor has more power than Gaozu he not only can implement his centralizing but has full justification to try.

You're missing the point here.

(In the thing about nuclear weapons, too, by not actually reading what I wrote about human perception and how it impacts our behaviour-- but I'm not going to repeat myself on that. I'm convinced that what I said was clear enough, and should be intelligible.)

The point here is that the Confucian wants power to be used; wants a more rigid order to be imposed on society.

The demonstrative action is precisely that power being used on you is not a good experience.
 

Crom's Black Blade

Well-known member
(In the thing about nuclear weapons, too, by not actually reading what I wrote-- but I'm not going to repeat myself on that. I'm convinced that what I said was clear enough, and should be intelligible.)
Your argument was there was not a sufficient mental difference between having your world killed by men with clubs versus nuclear missiles and therefor no change in the paradigm is possible. Which I find to be based on false assumptions.

Edit: To clarify your argument is that since we still exist within a universe governed by scarcity and the distribution of resources thereof, same as since the neolithic revolution, and since nuclear weapons do not alter that fact they could not cause a paradigm shift except, possibly, if humanity was perfectly rational and everyone possessed "universal degree of higher education on an academic level across the board" to, I presume, broaden society's horizons as a whole to encompass the theoretical danger and alter behavior in accordance. And because that isn't the case there is no mental difference between one's world being destroyed by men with clubs and ICBM's. A view I feel takes things too far into abstractions.

To put it in simple terms let us imagine two competing civilizations, an East vs West. And now let us imagine the East begins a civil war between its Optimates and Populars resulting in it losing ground aboard from the West who are more unified/less stagnant at the moment. In response one side, Optimates or Populars, attempt to hold onto power by launching nuclear weapons at the outside threat. The West in turn responds in kind. Board wiped clean and we all go back to pre-industrial society.

On one hand you could argue the broad circle of history is still intact but on the other the danger with nuclear weapons is this could be the start of a new paradigm where every few centuries someone, somewhere, gets desperate enough to launch theirs shortening and resetting every civilization's development.

The point here is that the Confucian wants power to be used; wants a more rigid order to be imposed on society.
Oh the issue isn't so much I disagree with Gaozu decision a more rigid society would be bad. I disagree with his methods of imposing it.

The demonstrative action is precisely that power being used on you is not a good experience.
Which is why Statists, as a general rule, don't live under their rules. None of which has ever impeded them from imposing their views on the rest of us however. So peeing on a guy is unlikely to teach him the errors of his ways and instead reinforce said errors. That power is desirability quality on its own because it allows you to impose your will on everyone else.
 
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Crom's Black Blade

Well-known member
The point here is that the Confucian wants power to be used; wants a more rigid order to be imposed on society.
I will add, both you and @Lord Sovereign appear to approve of this Emperor's actions because of who he did it against or that he was advocating a policy you agree with. Which seems a wrong-headed way to determine if an action is warranted. After all everyone is "obviously wrong" to someone and "deserving" humiliation.

I know I'd hate to have an argument I made rebuked not with an actual argument but a dick lording his higher power to humiliate me and implement his agenda regardless.
 
I will add, both you and @Lord Sovereign appear to approve of this Emperor's actions because of who he did it against or that he was advocating a policy you agree with. Which seems a wrong-headed way to determine if an action is warranted. After all everyone is "obviously wrong" to someone and "deserving" humiliation.

I know I'd hate to have an argument I made rebuked not with an actual argument but a dick lording his higher power to humiliate me and implement his agenda regardless.

and people forget that people like that are the reason new tortures and execution methods get created.
 

Cherico

Well-known member
Confucian advisor: "O son of Heaven, we need to created an ordered and centralised system to extert power over all the rea--"

Emperor Gaozu: *literally stands up and starts taking a piss in the Confucian advisor's hat, then forces him to put it back on*

Emperor Gaozu: "That's what I think of your idea."

(This happened. I'm not making this up.)

The chinese were blessed to have him.
 

LordDemiurge

Well-known member
Confucian wants power to be used; wants a more rigid order to be imposed on society.
Confucianism is fairly collectivist.

Though to be fair, having read some of their stuff, they've also historically advocated for something like minarchist rule. Believing that the Emperor should act more like a distant locus of power who leaves communities to govern themselves.
 

Crom's Black Blade

Well-known member
To elaborate a little deeper on why I feel nukes, potentially at least, alter the dynamics of civilization evolution is that while I do agree you are just as dead if your skull is bashed in by a heavy club as if you immolated in a nuclear blast that seems to me to miss the ease of the latter in relation to destroy its "world" versus heavy clubs. The former is a heavy commitment and is only really applicable against weaker foes.

That the dynamic up to industrial age if not the Atomic has been that weak civilizations, those suffering from some malady or other, shrink in territory. A situation that is far from certain to still be in play once nuclear weapons are on the table. After all Alexander might not have been nearly as successful, regardless of the Persian Empire's mismanagement, if said rulers could effectively end Alexander's new empire or Macedonia regardless of the state of their armies or the loyalty of their satraps. Or would Rome had subjugated Carthage to the same extent if MAD was the order of the day then.

Every conflict becomes either proxy battles on the fringes or the world's most dangerous game of chicken as each side tests the resolve and commitment of the other. Worse every "win" brings with it the greater risk the other side will just launch theirs anyway either in a blind alienation to kill the "other", calculated gamble to reverse their fortunes or murder-suicide plot to take everyone down with them.

So yeah, until nuclear weapons can be neutralized I don't see "the world after this" having a lot of empire building which is going to shorten the time from Augustus to the Dominate due to the wealth pumps reaching their limits a lot sooner.
 

Bassoe

Well-known member
So yeah, until nuclear weapons can be neutralized I don't see "the world after this" having a lot of empire building which is going to shorten the time from Augustus to the Dominate due to the wealth pumps reaching their limits a lot sooner.
The problem being, that the simplest means of simultaneously "neutralizing" both nuclear weaponry and the current world order is their use, followed by technological regression because of logistics cascade failures and the collapse of existing nations.
 

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